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all world CUP DEATIL
Year Host Nation(s) Final Venue Final
Winner Result Runner-up
1975
Details
England Lord's, London West Indies
291/8 (60 overs) WI won by 17 runs Scorecard Australia
274 all out (58.4 overs)
1979
Details
England Lord's, London West Indies
286/9 (60 overs) WI won by 92 runs Scorecard England
194 all out (51 overs)
1983
Details
England Lord's, London India
183 all out (54.4 overs) Ind won by 43 runs Scorecard West Indies
140 all out (52 overs)
1987
Details
India, Pakistan Eden Gardens, Kolkata Australia
253/5 (50 overs) Aus won by 7 runs Scorecard England
246/8 (50 overs)
1992
Details
Australia, New Zealand MCG, Melbourne Pakistan
249/6 (50 overs) Pak won by 22 runs Scorecard England
227 all out (49.2 overs)
1996
Details
India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka Gaddafi Stadium, Lahore Sri Lanka
245/3 (46.2 overs) SL won by 7 wickets Scorecard Australia
241/7 (50 overs)
1999
Details
England Lord's, London Australia
133/2 (20.1 overs) Aus won by 8 wickets Scorecard Pakistan
132 all out (39 overs)
2003
Details
South Africa Zimbabwe Kenya Wanderers, Johannesburg Australia
359/2 (50 overs) Aus won by 125 runs Scorecard India
234 all out (39.2 overs)
2007
Details
West Indies Kensington Oval, Bridgetown Australia
281/4 (38 overs) Aus won by 53 runs (D/L) Scorecard Sri Lanka
215/8 (36 overs)
2011
Details
India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka Wankhede Stadium, Mumbai India
277/4 (48.2 overs) Ind won by 6 wickets Scorecard Sri Lanka
274/6 (50 overs)
2015
Details
Australia, New Zealand Not designated TBD TBD TBD
2019
Details
England Not designated TBD TBD TBD
Winner Result Runner-up
1975
Details
England Lord's, London West Indies
291/8 (60 overs) WI won by 17 runs Scorecard Australia
274 all out (58.4 overs)
1979
Details
England Lord's, London West Indies
286/9 (60 overs) WI won by 92 runs Scorecard England
194 all out (51 overs)
1983
Details
England Lord's, London India
183 all out (54.4 overs) Ind won by 43 runs Scorecard West Indies
140 all out (52 overs)
1987
Details
India, Pakistan Eden Gardens, Kolkata Australia
253/5 (50 overs) Aus won by 7 runs Scorecard England
246/8 (50 overs)
1992
Details
Australia, New Zealand MCG, Melbourne Pakistan
249/6 (50 overs) Pak won by 22 runs Scorecard England
227 all out (49.2 overs)
1996
Details
India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka Gaddafi Stadium, Lahore Sri Lanka
245/3 (46.2 overs) SL won by 7 wickets Scorecard Australia
241/7 (50 overs)
1999
Details
England Lord's, London Australia
133/2 (20.1 overs) Aus won by 8 wickets Scorecard Pakistan
132 all out (39 overs)
2003
Details
South Africa Zimbabwe Kenya Wanderers, Johannesburg Australia
359/2 (50 overs) Aus won by 125 runs Scorecard India
234 all out (39.2 overs)
2007
Details
West Indies Kensington Oval, Bridgetown Australia
281/4 (38 overs) Aus won by 53 runs (D/L) Scorecard Sri Lanka
215/8 (36 overs)
2011
Details
India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka Wankhede Stadium, Mumbai India
277/4 (48.2 overs) Ind won by 6 wickets Scorecard Sri Lanka
274/6 (50 overs)
2015
Details
Australia, New Zealand Not designated TBD TBD TBD
2019
Details
England Not designated TBD TBD TBD
all world cup cricket winners
Previous Winners of the Cricket World Cup
Your guide to all the previous winners of the Cricket World Cup. The world’s most prestigious cricket competition and decider of the ultimate one day international cricket team.
1975
Final: West Indies v Australia
Venue: Lords, England
Result: West Indies won by 17 Runs
West Indies Total: 291 runs in 60 overs at 8 Wickets
Australia Total: 274 runs in 58.4 overs all out
1979
Final: West Indies v England
Venue: Lords, England
Result: West Indies won by 92 Runs
West Indies Total: 286 runs in 60 overs at 9 Wickets
England Total: 194 runs in 51 overs all out
1983
Final: India v West Indies
Venue: Lords, England
Result: India won by 43 Runs
India Total: 183 runs in 54.4 overs all out
West Indies Total: 140 runs in 52 overs all out
1987
Final: Australia v England
Venue: Calcutta, India
Result: Australia won by 7 Runs
Australia Total: 253 runs in 50 overs for 5 Wickets
England Total: 246 runs in 50 overs for 8 Wickets
1992
Final: Pakistan v England
Venue: Melbourne, Australia
Result: Pakistan won by 22 Runs
Pakistan Total: 249 runs in 50 overs for 6 Wickets
England Total: 227 runs in 49.2 all out
1996
Final: Sri Lanka v Australia
Venue: Lahore, Pakistan
Result: Sri Lanka won by 7 Wickets
Australia Total: 241 runs in 50 overs for 7 Wickets
Sri Lanka Total: 245 runs in 46.2 overs for 3 Wickets
1999
Final: Australia v Pakistan
Venue: Lords, London
Result: Australia won by 8 Wickets
Australia Total: 133 runs in 20.1 overs for 2 wickets
Pakistan Total: 132 All out in 39 Overs
2003
Final: Australia v India
Venue: Johannesburg
Result: Australia won by 125 runs
Australia Total: 359 runs in 50 overs for 2 wickets
India Total: 234 All out in 39.2 Overs
World Cup Schedule 2003
World Cup Squads
World Cup Forum
Betting
Cricket News
Your guide to all the previous winners of the Cricket World Cup. The world’s most prestigious cricket competition and decider of the ultimate one day international cricket team.
1975
Final: West Indies v Australia
Venue: Lords, England
Result: West Indies won by 17 Runs
West Indies Total: 291 runs in 60 overs at 8 Wickets
Australia Total: 274 runs in 58.4 overs all out
1979
Final: West Indies v England
Venue: Lords, England
Result: West Indies won by 92 Runs
West Indies Total: 286 runs in 60 overs at 9 Wickets
England Total: 194 runs in 51 overs all out
1983
Final: India v West Indies
Venue: Lords, England
Result: India won by 43 Runs
India Total: 183 runs in 54.4 overs all out
West Indies Total: 140 runs in 52 overs all out
1987
Final: Australia v England
Venue: Calcutta, India
Result: Australia won by 7 Runs
Australia Total: 253 runs in 50 overs for 5 Wickets
England Total: 246 runs in 50 overs for 8 Wickets
1992
Final: Pakistan v England
Venue: Melbourne, Australia
Result: Pakistan won by 22 Runs
Pakistan Total: 249 runs in 50 overs for 6 Wickets
England Total: 227 runs in 49.2 all out
1996
Final: Sri Lanka v Australia
Venue: Lahore, Pakistan
Result: Sri Lanka won by 7 Wickets
Australia Total: 241 runs in 50 overs for 7 Wickets
Sri Lanka Total: 245 runs in 46.2 overs for 3 Wickets
1999
Final: Australia v Pakistan
Venue: Lords, London
Result: Australia won by 8 Wickets
Australia Total: 133 runs in 20.1 overs for 2 wickets
Pakistan Total: 132 All out in 39 Overs
2003
Final: Australia v India
Venue: Johannesburg
Result: Australia won by 125 runs
Australia Total: 359 runs in 50 overs for 2 wickets
India Total: 234 All out in 39.2 Overs
World Cup Schedule 2003
World Cup Squads
World Cup Forum
Betting
Cricket News
Countries and Regions of the World from A to Z
English Name
French Name
Local Name
A
1 Afghanistan Afghanistan Afghanestan
2 Albania Albanie Shqiperia
3 Algeria Algérie Al Jaza'ir
4 American Samoa Samoa Américaines American Samoa
5 Andorra Andorre Andorra
6 Angola Angola Angola
7 Anguilla Anguilla Anguilla
8 Antarctica Antarctique Antarctica
9 Antigua and Barbuda Antigua-et-Barbuda Antigua and Barbuda
10 Argentina Argentine Argentina
11 Armenia Arménie Hayastan
12 Aruba Aruba Aruba
13 Ascension Island Îles d'Ascension Ascension
14 Australia Australie Australia
15 Austria Autriche Österreich
16 Azerbaijan Azerbaïdjan Azarbaycan
B
17 Bahamas Bahamas Bahamas
18 Bahrain Bahreïn Al Bahrayn
19 Bangladesh Bangladesh Bangladesh
20 Barbados Barbade Barbados
21 Belarus Bélarus Byelarus
22 Belgium Belgique Belgique/Belgie
23 Belize Belize Belize
24 Benin Bénin Benin
25 Bermuda Bermudes Bermuda
26 Bhutan Bhoutan Bhutan
27 Bolivia Bolivie Bolivia
28 Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnie-Herzégovine Bosna i Hercegovina
29 Botswana Botswana Botswana
30 Bouvet Island Île Bouvet Bouvet Island
31 Brazil Brésil Brasil
32 British Indian Ocean Territory Territoire Britannique de l' Océan Indien abbreviation: BIOT
33 Brunei Darussalam Brunéi Darussalam Negara Brunei Darussalam
34 Bulgaria Bulgarie Bulgaria
35 Burkina Faso Burkina Faso Burkina Faso
36 Burundi Burundi Burundi
C
37 Cambodia Cambodge Kampuchea
38 Cameroon Cameroun Cameroon
39 Canada Canada Canada
40 Cape Verde Cap-Vert Cabo Verde
41 Cayman Islands Caïmanes, Îles Cayman Islands
42 Central African Republic Centrafricaine, République Republique Centrafricaine
43 Chad Tchad Tchad
44 Chile Chili Chile
45 China Chine Zhong Guo
46 Christmas Island Île Christmas Christmas Island
47 Cocos (Keeling) Islands Îles Cocos (Keeling) Cocos (Keeling) Islands
48 Colombia Colombie Colombia
49 Comoros Comores Comores
50 Democratic Republic of the Congo (Kinshasa) Congo, La République Démocratique du République Démocratique du Congo
51 Congo, Republic of (Brazzaville) République du Congo République du Congo
52 Cook Islands Îles Cook Cook Islands
53 Costa Rica Costa Rica Costa Rica
54 Ivory Coast Côte D'ivoire Cote d'Ivoire
55 Croatia Croatie Hrvatska
56 Cuba Cuba Cuba
57 Cyprus Chypre Kibris, Kypros
58 Czech Republic République Tchèque Ceska Republika
D
59 Denmark Danemark Danmark
60 Djibouti Djibouti Djibouti
61 Dominica Dominique Dominica
62 Dominican Republic Dominicaine, République Dominicana, Republica
E
63 East Timor Timor-Leste Timor-Leste (Timor Oriental) Timor
64 Ecuador Équateur Ecuador
65 Egypt Égypte Misr
67 El Salvador El Salvador El Salvador
68 Equatorial Guinea Guinée Équatoriale Guinea Ecuatorial
69 Eritrea Érythrée Hagere Ertra
70 Estonia Estonie Eesti Vabariik
71 Ethiopia Éthiopie Ityop'iya
F
72 Falkland Islands Falkland, Îles (Malvinas) Islas Malvinas
73 Faroe Islands Îles Féroé Foroyar
74 Fiji Fidji Fiji
75 Finland Finlande Suomen Tasavalta
76 France France France
77 French Guiana Guyane Française Guyane
78 French Metropolitan France Métropolitaine France Métropolitaine
79 French Polynesia Polynésie Française Polynésie Française
80 French Southern Territories Terres Australes Françaises Terres Australes et Antarctiques Françaises
G
81 Gabon Gabon Gabon
82 Gambia Gambie The Gambia
83 Georgia Géorgie Sak'art'velo
84 Germany Allemagne Deutschland
85 Ghana Ghana Ghana
86 Gibraltar Gibraltar Gibraltar
87 Great Britain Grande-Bretagne Great Britain
88 Greece Grèce Ellas or Ellada
89 Greenland Groenland Kalaallit Nunaat
90 Grenada Grenade Grenada
91 Guadeloupe Guadeloupe Guadeloupe
92 Guam Guam Guam
93 Guatemala Guatemala Guatemala
94 Guernsey Guernesey Guernsey
95 Guinea Guinéee Guinee
96 Guinea-Bissau Guinée-Bissau Guine-Bissau
97 Guyana Guyana Guyana
H
98 Haiti Haïti Haiti
99 Heard and Mc Donald Islands Île Heard et Îles Mcdonald Heard and Mc Donald
100 Holy See Saint-Siège (État de la Cité du Vatican) Status Civitatis Vaticanæ
101 Honduras Honduras Honduras
102 Hong Kong Hong-Kong Xianggang
103 Hungary Hongrie Magyarorszag
I
104 Iceland Islande Lyoveldio Island
105 India Inde Bharat
106 Indonesia Indonésie Indonesia
107 Iran (Islamic Republic of) République Islamique d' Iran Iran
108 Iraq Iraq Iraq
109 Ireland Irlande Éire
110 Isle of Man Île de Man Isle of Man
111 Israel Israël Yisra'el
112 Italy Italie Italia
J
113 Jamaica Jamaïque Jamaica
114 Japan Japon Nippon
115 Jersey Jersey Jersey
116 Jordan Jordanie Al Urdun
K
117 Kazakhstan Kazakstan Qazaqstan
118 Kenya Kenya Kenya
119 Kiribati Kiribati Kiribati, Kiribas
120 Korea, Democratic People's Rep. (North Korea) Corée, République Populaire Démocratique de Choson
121 Korea, Republic of (South Korea) Corée, République de Han-guk
122 Kuwait Koweït Al Kuwayt
123 Kyrgyzstan Kirghizistan Kyrgyz Respublikasy
L
124 Lao, People's Democratic Republic Lao, République Démocratique Populaire Lao
125 Latvia Lettonie Latvija
126 Lebanon Liban Lubnan
127 Lesotho Lesotho Lesotho
128 Liberia Libéria Liberia
129 Libya Libye Libiyah
130 Liechtenstein Liechtenstein Liechtenstein
131 Lithuania Lituanie Lietuva
132 Luxembourg Luxembourg Luxembourg, Letzebuerg
M
133 Macau Macao Aomen
134 Macedonia, Rep. of Macédoine, l'ex-République Yougoslave de Makedonija
135 Madagascar Madagascar Madagascar
136 Malawi Malawi Malawi
137 Malaysia Malaisie Malaysia
138 Maldives Maldives Dhivehi Raajje
139 Mali Mali Mali
140 Malta Malte Malta
141 Marshall Islands Îles Marshall Marshall Islands
142 Martinique Martinique Martinique
143 Mauritania Mauritanie Muritaniyah
144 Mauritius Île Maurice Mauritius
145 Mayotte Mayotte Mayotte
146 Mexico Mexique Estados Unidos Mexicanos
147 Micronesia, Federal States of États Fédérés de Micronésie Micronesia
148 Moldova, Republic of Moldova, République de Moldova
149 Monaco Monaco Monaco
150 Mongolia Mongolie Mongol Uls
151 Montenegro Monténégro Crna Gora
152 Montserrat Montserrat Montserrat
153 Morocco Maroc Al Maghrib
154 Mozambique Mozambique Mocambique
155 Myanmar, Burma Myanmar, Birmanie Myanma Naingngandaw
N
156 Namibia Namibie Namibia
157 Nauru Nauru Nauru
158 Nepal Népal Nepal
159 Netherlands Pays-Bas Nederland/Holland
160 Netherlands Antilles Antilles Néerlandaises Nederlandse Antillen
161 New Caledonia Nouvelle-Calédonie Nouvelle-Calédonie
162 New Zealand Nouvelle-Zélande Aotearoa
163 Nicaragua Nicaragua Nicaragua
164 Niger Niger Niger
165 Nigeria Nigéria Nigeria
166 Niue Nioué Niue
167 Norfolk Island Norfolk, Île Norfolk Island
168 Northern Mariana Islands Îles Mariannes du Nord Northern Mariana Islands
169 Norway Norvège Norge
O
170 Oman Oman Saltanat Uman
P
171 Pakistan Pakistan Pakistan
172 Palau Palaos Belau
173 Palestinian National Authority Autorité Nationale Palestinienne Filastin
174 Panama Panama Panama
175 Papua New Guinea Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée Papua Niu Gini
176 Paraguay Paraguay Paraguay
177 Peru Pérou Peru
178 Philippines Philippines Pilipinas
179 Pitcairn Island Pitcairn Pitcairn Island
180 Poland Pologne Polska
181 Portugal Portugal Portugal
182 Puerto Rico Porto Rico Puerto Rico
Q
183 Qatar Qatar Dawlat Qatar
R
184 Reunion Island Ile de la Réunion Ile de la Réunion
185 Romania Roumanie Romania
186 Russian Federation Russie, Fédération de Rossiya
187 Rwanda Rwanda Rwanda
S
188 Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint-Kitts-et-Nevis
189 Saint Lucia Sainte-Lucie Saint Lucia
190 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Saint-Vincent-et-les Grenadines
191 Samoa Samoa Samoa
192 San Marino Saint-Marin San Marino
193 Sao Tome and Príncipe Sao Tomé-et-Principe Sao Tome e Principe
194 Saudi Arabia Arabie Saoudite Al Arabiyah as Suudiyah
195 Senegal Sénégal Senegal
196 Serbia Serbie Srbija
197 Seychelles Seychelles Seychelles
198 Sierra Leone Sierra Leone Sierra Leone
199 Singapore Singapour Singapore
200 Slovakia (Slovak Republic) Slovaquie Slovensko
201 Slovenia Slovénie Slovenija
202 Solomon Islands Salomon, Îles Solomon Islands
203 Somalia Somalie Somalia
204 South Africa Afrique du Sud South Africa
205 South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands Géorgie du Sud et les Îles Sandwich du Sud
206 Spain Espagne España
207 Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Sri Lanka
208 Saint Helena Sainte-Hélène Saint Helena
209 St. Pierre and Miquelon Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon Saint-Pierre et Miquelon
210 Sudan Soudan As-Sudan
211 Suriname Suriname Suriname
212 Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands Svalbard et Île Jan Mayen Spitzbergen
213 Swaziland Swaziland Swaziland
214 Sweden Suède Sverige
215 Switzerland Suisse Schweiz (German), Suisse (French), Svizzera (Italian)
216 Syria, Syrian Arab Republic Syrienne, République Arabe Suriyah
T
217 Taiwan (Republic of China) Taïwan, Province de Chine T'ai-wan
218 Tajikistan Tadjikistan Jumhurii Tojikiston
219 Tanzania Tanzanie, République-Unie de Tanzania
220 Thailand Thaïlande Prathet Thai
221 Tibet Tibet Bod
222 Timor-Leste (East Timor) Timor-Leste (Timor Oriental) Timor
223 Togo Togo Republique Togolaise
224 Tokelau Tokelau Tokelau
225 Tonga Tonga Tonga
226 Trinidad and Tobago Trinité-et-Tobago Trinidad, Tobago
227 Tunisia Tunisie Tunis
228 Turkey Turquie Turkiye
229 Turkmenistan Turkménistan Turkmenistan
230 Turks and Caicos Islands Turks et Caïques, Îles Turks and Caicos Islands
231 Tuvalu Tuvalu Tuvalu
U
232 Uganda Ouganda Uganda
233 Ukraine Ukraine Ukrayina
234 United Arab Emirates Émirats Arabes Unis Al Imarat al Arabiyah al Muttahidah
235 United Kingdom Royaume-Uni United Kingdom
236 United States États-Unis United States
237 U.S. Minor Outlying Islands Îles Mineures Éloignées des États-Unis U.S. Minor Outlying Islands
238 Uruguay Uruguay Republica Oriental del Uruguay
239 Uzbekistan Ouzbékistan Uzbekiston Respublikasi
V
240 Vanuatu Vanuatu Vanuatu
-- Vatican City State (Holy See) Saint-Siège (État de la Cité du Vatican) Status Civitatis Vaticanæ
241 Venezuela Venezuela Venezuela
242 Vietnam Viêt Nam Viet Nam
243 Virgin Islands (British) Îles Vierges Britanniques
244 Virgin Islands (U.S.) Îles Vierges des États-Unis Virgin Islands
W
245 Wallis and Futuna Islands Wallis et Futuna Wallis et Futuna
246 Western Sahara Sahara Occidental
Y
247 Yemen Yémen Al Yaman
Z
-- Zaire (see Congo, Democratic People's Republic) Zaïre Zaire
248 Zambia Zambie Zambia
249 Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Zimbabwe
French Name
Local Name
A
1 Afghanistan Afghanistan Afghanestan
2 Albania Albanie Shqiperia
3 Algeria Algérie Al Jaza'ir
4 American Samoa Samoa Américaines American Samoa
5 Andorra Andorre Andorra
6 Angola Angola Angola
7 Anguilla Anguilla Anguilla
8 Antarctica Antarctique Antarctica
9 Antigua and Barbuda Antigua-et-Barbuda Antigua and Barbuda
10 Argentina Argentine Argentina
11 Armenia Arménie Hayastan
12 Aruba Aruba Aruba
13 Ascension Island Îles d'Ascension Ascension
14 Australia Australie Australia
15 Austria Autriche Österreich
16 Azerbaijan Azerbaïdjan Azarbaycan
B
17 Bahamas Bahamas Bahamas
18 Bahrain Bahreïn Al Bahrayn
19 Bangladesh Bangladesh Bangladesh
20 Barbados Barbade Barbados
21 Belarus Bélarus Byelarus
22 Belgium Belgique Belgique/Belgie
23 Belize Belize Belize
24 Benin Bénin Benin
25 Bermuda Bermudes Bermuda
26 Bhutan Bhoutan Bhutan
27 Bolivia Bolivie Bolivia
28 Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnie-Herzégovine Bosna i Hercegovina
29 Botswana Botswana Botswana
30 Bouvet Island Île Bouvet Bouvet Island
31 Brazil Brésil Brasil
32 British Indian Ocean Territory Territoire Britannique de l' Océan Indien abbreviation: BIOT
33 Brunei Darussalam Brunéi Darussalam Negara Brunei Darussalam
34 Bulgaria Bulgarie Bulgaria
35 Burkina Faso Burkina Faso Burkina Faso
36 Burundi Burundi Burundi
C
37 Cambodia Cambodge Kampuchea
38 Cameroon Cameroun Cameroon
39 Canada Canada Canada
40 Cape Verde Cap-Vert Cabo Verde
41 Cayman Islands Caïmanes, Îles Cayman Islands
42 Central African Republic Centrafricaine, République Republique Centrafricaine
43 Chad Tchad Tchad
44 Chile Chili Chile
45 China Chine Zhong Guo
46 Christmas Island Île Christmas Christmas Island
47 Cocos (Keeling) Islands Îles Cocos (Keeling) Cocos (Keeling) Islands
48 Colombia Colombie Colombia
49 Comoros Comores Comores
50 Democratic Republic of the Congo (Kinshasa) Congo, La République Démocratique du République Démocratique du Congo
51 Congo, Republic of (Brazzaville) République du Congo République du Congo
52 Cook Islands Îles Cook Cook Islands
53 Costa Rica Costa Rica Costa Rica
54 Ivory Coast Côte D'ivoire Cote d'Ivoire
55 Croatia Croatie Hrvatska
56 Cuba Cuba Cuba
57 Cyprus Chypre Kibris, Kypros
58 Czech Republic République Tchèque Ceska Republika
D
59 Denmark Danemark Danmark
60 Djibouti Djibouti Djibouti
61 Dominica Dominique Dominica
62 Dominican Republic Dominicaine, République Dominicana, Republica
E
63 East Timor Timor-Leste Timor-Leste (Timor Oriental) Timor
64 Ecuador Équateur Ecuador
65 Egypt Égypte Misr
67 El Salvador El Salvador El Salvador
68 Equatorial Guinea Guinée Équatoriale Guinea Ecuatorial
69 Eritrea Érythrée Hagere Ertra
70 Estonia Estonie Eesti Vabariik
71 Ethiopia Éthiopie Ityop'iya
F
72 Falkland Islands Falkland, Îles (Malvinas) Islas Malvinas
73 Faroe Islands Îles Féroé Foroyar
74 Fiji Fidji Fiji
75 Finland Finlande Suomen Tasavalta
76 France France France
77 French Guiana Guyane Française Guyane
78 French Metropolitan France Métropolitaine France Métropolitaine
79 French Polynesia Polynésie Française Polynésie Française
80 French Southern Territories Terres Australes Françaises Terres Australes et Antarctiques Françaises
G
81 Gabon Gabon Gabon
82 Gambia Gambie The Gambia
83 Georgia Géorgie Sak'art'velo
84 Germany Allemagne Deutschland
85 Ghana Ghana Ghana
86 Gibraltar Gibraltar Gibraltar
87 Great Britain Grande-Bretagne Great Britain
88 Greece Grèce Ellas or Ellada
89 Greenland Groenland Kalaallit Nunaat
90 Grenada Grenade Grenada
91 Guadeloupe Guadeloupe Guadeloupe
92 Guam Guam Guam
93 Guatemala Guatemala Guatemala
94 Guernsey Guernesey Guernsey
95 Guinea Guinéee Guinee
96 Guinea-Bissau Guinée-Bissau Guine-Bissau
97 Guyana Guyana Guyana
H
98 Haiti Haïti Haiti
99 Heard and Mc Donald Islands Île Heard et Îles Mcdonald Heard and Mc Donald
100 Holy See Saint-Siège (État de la Cité du Vatican) Status Civitatis Vaticanæ
101 Honduras Honduras Honduras
102 Hong Kong Hong-Kong Xianggang
103 Hungary Hongrie Magyarorszag
I
104 Iceland Islande Lyoveldio Island
105 India Inde Bharat
106 Indonesia Indonésie Indonesia
107 Iran (Islamic Republic of) République Islamique d' Iran Iran
108 Iraq Iraq Iraq
109 Ireland Irlande Éire
110 Isle of Man Île de Man Isle of Man
111 Israel Israël Yisra'el
112 Italy Italie Italia
J
113 Jamaica Jamaïque Jamaica
114 Japan Japon Nippon
115 Jersey Jersey Jersey
116 Jordan Jordanie Al Urdun
K
117 Kazakhstan Kazakstan Qazaqstan
118 Kenya Kenya Kenya
119 Kiribati Kiribati Kiribati, Kiribas
120 Korea, Democratic People's Rep. (North Korea) Corée, République Populaire Démocratique de Choson
121 Korea, Republic of (South Korea) Corée, République de Han-guk
122 Kuwait Koweït Al Kuwayt
123 Kyrgyzstan Kirghizistan Kyrgyz Respublikasy
L
124 Lao, People's Democratic Republic Lao, République Démocratique Populaire Lao
125 Latvia Lettonie Latvija
126 Lebanon Liban Lubnan
127 Lesotho Lesotho Lesotho
128 Liberia Libéria Liberia
129 Libya Libye Libiyah
130 Liechtenstein Liechtenstein Liechtenstein
131 Lithuania Lituanie Lietuva
132 Luxembourg Luxembourg Luxembourg, Letzebuerg
M
133 Macau Macao Aomen
134 Macedonia, Rep. of Macédoine, l'ex-République Yougoslave de Makedonija
135 Madagascar Madagascar Madagascar
136 Malawi Malawi Malawi
137 Malaysia Malaisie Malaysia
138 Maldives Maldives Dhivehi Raajje
139 Mali Mali Mali
140 Malta Malte Malta
141 Marshall Islands Îles Marshall Marshall Islands
142 Martinique Martinique Martinique
143 Mauritania Mauritanie Muritaniyah
144 Mauritius Île Maurice Mauritius
145 Mayotte Mayotte Mayotte
146 Mexico Mexique Estados Unidos Mexicanos
147 Micronesia, Federal States of États Fédérés de Micronésie Micronesia
148 Moldova, Republic of Moldova, République de Moldova
149 Monaco Monaco Monaco
150 Mongolia Mongolie Mongol Uls
151 Montenegro Monténégro Crna Gora
152 Montserrat Montserrat Montserrat
153 Morocco Maroc Al Maghrib
154 Mozambique Mozambique Mocambique
155 Myanmar, Burma Myanmar, Birmanie Myanma Naingngandaw
N
156 Namibia Namibie Namibia
157 Nauru Nauru Nauru
158 Nepal Népal Nepal
159 Netherlands Pays-Bas Nederland/Holland
160 Netherlands Antilles Antilles Néerlandaises Nederlandse Antillen
161 New Caledonia Nouvelle-Calédonie Nouvelle-Calédonie
162 New Zealand Nouvelle-Zélande Aotearoa
163 Nicaragua Nicaragua Nicaragua
164 Niger Niger Niger
165 Nigeria Nigéria Nigeria
166 Niue Nioué Niue
167 Norfolk Island Norfolk, Île Norfolk Island
168 Northern Mariana Islands Îles Mariannes du Nord Northern Mariana Islands
169 Norway Norvège Norge
O
170 Oman Oman Saltanat Uman
P
171 Pakistan Pakistan Pakistan
172 Palau Palaos Belau
173 Palestinian National Authority Autorité Nationale Palestinienne Filastin
174 Panama Panama Panama
175 Papua New Guinea Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée Papua Niu Gini
176 Paraguay Paraguay Paraguay
177 Peru Pérou Peru
178 Philippines Philippines Pilipinas
179 Pitcairn Island Pitcairn Pitcairn Island
180 Poland Pologne Polska
181 Portugal Portugal Portugal
182 Puerto Rico Porto Rico Puerto Rico
Q
183 Qatar Qatar Dawlat Qatar
R
184 Reunion Island Ile de la Réunion Ile de la Réunion
185 Romania Roumanie Romania
186 Russian Federation Russie, Fédération de Rossiya
187 Rwanda Rwanda Rwanda
S
188 Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint-Kitts-et-Nevis
189 Saint Lucia Sainte-Lucie Saint Lucia
190 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Saint-Vincent-et-les Grenadines
191 Samoa Samoa Samoa
192 San Marino Saint-Marin San Marino
193 Sao Tome and Príncipe Sao Tomé-et-Principe Sao Tome e Principe
194 Saudi Arabia Arabie Saoudite Al Arabiyah as Suudiyah
195 Senegal Sénégal Senegal
196 Serbia Serbie Srbija
197 Seychelles Seychelles Seychelles
198 Sierra Leone Sierra Leone Sierra Leone
199 Singapore Singapour Singapore
200 Slovakia (Slovak Republic) Slovaquie Slovensko
201 Slovenia Slovénie Slovenija
202 Solomon Islands Salomon, Îles Solomon Islands
203 Somalia Somalie Somalia
204 South Africa Afrique du Sud South Africa
205 South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands Géorgie du Sud et les Îles Sandwich du Sud
206 Spain Espagne España
207 Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Sri Lanka
208 Saint Helena Sainte-Hélène Saint Helena
209 St. Pierre and Miquelon Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon Saint-Pierre et Miquelon
210 Sudan Soudan As-Sudan
211 Suriname Suriname Suriname
212 Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands Svalbard et Île Jan Mayen Spitzbergen
213 Swaziland Swaziland Swaziland
214 Sweden Suède Sverige
215 Switzerland Suisse Schweiz (German), Suisse (French), Svizzera (Italian)
216 Syria, Syrian Arab Republic Syrienne, République Arabe Suriyah
T
217 Taiwan (Republic of China) Taïwan, Province de Chine T'ai-wan
218 Tajikistan Tadjikistan Jumhurii Tojikiston
219 Tanzania Tanzanie, République-Unie de Tanzania
220 Thailand Thaïlande Prathet Thai
221 Tibet Tibet Bod
222 Timor-Leste (East Timor) Timor-Leste (Timor Oriental) Timor
223 Togo Togo Republique Togolaise
224 Tokelau Tokelau Tokelau
225 Tonga Tonga Tonga
226 Trinidad and Tobago Trinité-et-Tobago Trinidad, Tobago
227 Tunisia Tunisie Tunis
228 Turkey Turquie Turkiye
229 Turkmenistan Turkménistan Turkmenistan
230 Turks and Caicos Islands Turks et Caïques, Îles Turks and Caicos Islands
231 Tuvalu Tuvalu Tuvalu
U
232 Uganda Ouganda Uganda
233 Ukraine Ukraine Ukrayina
234 United Arab Emirates Émirats Arabes Unis Al Imarat al Arabiyah al Muttahidah
235 United Kingdom Royaume-Uni United Kingdom
236 United States États-Unis United States
237 U.S. Minor Outlying Islands Îles Mineures Éloignées des États-Unis U.S. Minor Outlying Islands
238 Uruguay Uruguay Republica Oriental del Uruguay
239 Uzbekistan Ouzbékistan Uzbekiston Respublikasi
V
240 Vanuatu Vanuatu Vanuatu
-- Vatican City State (Holy See) Saint-Siège (État de la Cité du Vatican) Status Civitatis Vaticanæ
241 Venezuela Venezuela Venezuela
242 Vietnam Viêt Nam Viet Nam
243 Virgin Islands (British) Îles Vierges Britanniques
244 Virgin Islands (U.S.) Îles Vierges des États-Unis Virgin Islands
W
245 Wallis and Futuna Islands Wallis et Futuna Wallis et Futuna
246 Western Sahara Sahara Occidental
Y
247 Yemen Yémen Al Yaman
Z
-- Zaire (see Congo, Democratic People's Republic) Zaïre Zaire
248 Zambia Zambie Zambia
249 Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Zimbabwe
all world country name
Currency Data
Country Co. Code Currency Curr. Code
Afghanistan AF Afghani AFA
Albania AL Lek ALL
Algeria DZ Algerian Dinar DZD
American Samoa AS US Dollar USD
Andorra AD Euro EUR
Angola AO Kwanza AOA (replacement for AON)
Anguilla AI East Caribbean Dollar XCD
Antarctica AQ Norwegian Krone NOK
Antigua and Barbuda AG East Caribbean Dollar XCD
Argentina AR Austral and Argenintinian Neuvo Peso (replacement for the Peso) ARA, ARS (replacement for ARP)
Armenia AM Dram (Russian Ruble [RUR] was formerly in use) AMD
Aruba AW Aruban Guilder (Florin) AWG
Australia AU Australian Dollar AUD
Austria AT Euro EUR
Azerbaijan AZ Azerbaijani Manat (Russian Ruble [RUR] was formerly in use) AZM
Bahamas BS Bahamian Dollar BSD
Bahrain BH Bahraini Dinar BHD
Bangladesh BD Taka BDT
Barbados BB Barbados Dollar BBD
Belarus (formerly known as Byelorussia) BY Belarussian Rouble (Russian Ruble [RUR] was formerly in use) BYR
Belgium BE Euro EUR
Belize BZ Belize Dollar BZD
Benin BJ Franc de la Communauté financière africaine XAF
Bermuda BM Bermudian Dollar BMD
Bhutan BT Ngultrum (Indian Rupee also circulates) BTN (also INR)
Bolivia BO Boliviano and Bolivian Peso BOB, BOP
Bosnia & Herzegowina BA Convertible Mark BAM
Botswana BW Pula BWP
Bouvet Island BV Norwegian Krone NOK
Brazil BR Real BRL
British Indian Ocean Territory IO Pound Sterling (United Kingdom Pound), Seychelles Rupee GBP, SCR
Brunei Darussalam BN Brunei Dollar BND
Bulgaria BG Lev BGL
Burkina Faso BF Franc de la Communauté financière africaine XAF
Burma Former name for Myanmar
Burundi BI Burundi Franc BIF
Byelorussia Former name of Belarus
Cambodia (formerly Kampuchea) KH Riel KHR
Cameroon CM Franc de la Communauté financière africaine XAF
Canada CA Canadian Dollar CAD
Cape Verde CV Escudo Caboverdiano CVE
Cayman Islands KY Cayman Islands Dollar KYD
Central African Republic CF Franc de la Communauté financière africaine XAF
Chad TD Franc de la Communauté financière africaine XAF
Chile CL Unidades de Fomento and Chilean Peso CLF, CLP
China CN Yuan Renminbi CNY
Christmas Island CX Australian Dollar AUD
Cocos (Keeling) Islands CC Australian Dollar AUD
Colombia CO Colombian Peso COP
Comoros KM Comorian Franc KMF
Congo, Democratic Republic of the (formerly Zaïre) CD (formerly ZR) New Zaïre CDZ (formerly ZRZ)
Congo CG Franc de la Communauté financière africaine XAF
Cook Islands CK New Zealand Dollar NZD
Costa Rica CR Costa Rican Colón CRC
Côte d'Ivoire See Ivory Coast
Croatia (local name: Hrvatska) HR Kuna and Croatian Dinar HRK, HRD
Cuba CU Cuban Peso CUP
Cyprus CY Euro EUR
Czech Republic CZ Czech Koruna CZK
Czechoslovakia Now split into Czech Republic and Slovakia
Denmark DK Danish Krone DKK
Djibouti DJ Djibouti Franc DJF
Dominica DM East Caribbean Dollar XCD
Dominican Republic DO Dominican Republic Peso DOP
East Timor TP Timorian Escudo TPE
Ecuador EC US Dollar (superseded Sucre in 2000) USD (ECS)
Egypt EG Egytian Pound EGP
El Salvador SV US Dollar USD
Equatorial Guinea GQ Franc de la Communauté financière africaine and Ekwele XAF, GQE
Eritrea ER Eritreian Nakfa, Ethiopian Birr ERN, ETB
Estonia EE Kroon EEK
Ethiopia ET Birr ETB
European Community ?? Euro (formerly known as the ECU) EUR (formerly XEU)
Falkland Islands (Malvinas) FK Falkland Pound FKP
Faroe Islands FO Danish Krone DKK
Fiji Islands FJ Fiji Dollar FJD
Finland FI Euro EUR
France FR Euro EUR
France, Metropolitan FX Euro EUR
French Guiana GF Euro EUR
French Polynesia PF Franc des Comptoirs français du Pacifique XPF
French Southern and Antarctic Territories TF Euro EUR
Gabon GA Franc de la Communauté financière africaine XAF
Gambia GM Dalasi GMD
Georgia GE Lari (Russian Ruble [RUR] was formerly in use) GEL
Germany (West and East) DE (formerly DE for West and DD for East) Euro EUR
Ghana GH Cedi GHC
Gibraltar GI Gibraltar Pound GIP
Greece GR Euro EUR
Greenland GL Danish Krone DKK
Grenada GD East Caribbean Dollar XCD
Guadeloupe GP Euro EUR
Guam GU US Dollar USD
Guatemala GT Quetzal GTQ
Guinea GN Guinea Syli (also known as Guinea Franc) GNS
Guinea-Bissau GW Guinea-Bissau Peso and Franc de la Communauté financière africaine GWP, XAF
Guyana GY Guyana Dollar GYD
Haiti HT Gourde HTG
Heard and McDonald Islands HM Australian Dollar AUD
Holy See (Vatican City State) VA Euro EUR
Honduras HN Lempira HNL
Hong Kong HK Hong Kong Dollar HKD
Hrvatska Local name for Croatia
Hungary HU Forint HUF
Iceland IS Icelandic Króna ISK
India IN Indian Rupee INR
Indonesia ID Rupiah IDR
Iran, Islamic Republic of IR Iranian Rial IRR
Iraq IQ Iraqi Dinar IQD
Ireland IE Euro EUR
Israel IL Shekel ILS
Italy IT Euro EUR
Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire) CI Franc de la Communauté financière africaine XAF
Jamaica JM Jamaican Dollar JMD
Japan JP Yen JPY
Jordan JO Jordanian Dinar JOD
Kampuchea Former name for Cambodia
Kazakhstan KZ Tenge (Russian Ruble [RUR] was formerly in use) KZT
Kenya KE Kenyan Shilling KES
Kiribati KI Australian Dollar AUD
Korea, Democratic People's Republic of (North Korea) KP North Korean Won KPW
Korea, Republic of (South Korea) KR South Korean Won KRW
Kosova and Metohia See Serbia and Montenegro
Kuwait KW Kuwaiti Dinar KWD
Kyrgyzstan KG Kyrgyzstani Som KGS
Lao People's Democratic Republic (formerly Laos) LA Kip LAK
Latvia LV Lats LVL
Lebanon LB Lebanese Pound LBP
Lesotho LS Loti, Maloti and South African Rand LSL, LSM, ZAR
Liberia LR Liberian Dollar LRD
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya LY Libyan Dinar LYD
Liechtenstein LI Swiss Franc CHF
Lithuania LT Litas LTL
Luxembourg LU Euro EUR
Macao (also spelled Macau) MO Pataca MOP
Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of MK Macedonian Dinar MKD
Madagascar MG Malagasy Franc MGF
Malawi MW Malawian Kwacha MWK
Malaysia MY Ringgit (Malaysian Dollar) MYR
Maldives MV Rufiyaa MVR
Mali ML Franc de la Communauté financière africaine and Malian Franc XAF, MLF
Malta MT Euro EUR
Malvinas See Falkland Islands
Marshall Islands MH US Dollar USD
Martinique MQ Euro EUR
Mauritania MR Ouguiya MRO
Mauritius MU Mauritius Rupee MUR
Mayotte YT Euro EUR
Mexico MX Mexican New Peso (replacement for Mexican Peso) MXN (replacement for MXP)
Micronesia, Federated States of FM US Dollar USD
Moldova, Republic of MD Moldovian Leu MDL
Monaco MC Euro EUR
Mongolia MN Tugrik MNT
Montenegro See Serbia and Montenegro
Montserrat MS East Caribbean Dollar XCD
Morocco MA Moroccan Dirham MAD
Mozambique MZ Metical MZM
Myanmar (formerly Burma) MM (formerly BU) Kyat MMK (formerly BUK)
Namibia NA Namibia Dollar and South African Rand NAD, ZAR
Nauru NR Australian Dollar AUD
Nepal NP Nepalese Rupee NPR
Netherlands NL Euro EUR
Netherlands Antilles AN Netherlands Antilles Guilder (Florin) ANG
New Caledonia NC Franc des Comptoirs français du Pacifique XPF
New Zealand NZ New Zealand Dollar NZD
Nicaragua NI Córdoba NIC
Niger NE West African Franc and Franc de la Communauté financière africaine XOF, XAF
Nigeria NG Naira NGN
Niue NU New Zealand Dollar NZD
Norfolk Island NF Australian Dollar AUD
Northern Mariana Islands MP US Dollar USD
Norway NO Norwegian Krone NOK
Oman OM Rial Omani OMR
Pakistan PK Pakistani Rupee PKR
Palau PW US Dollar USD
Panama PA Balboa and US Dollar PAB, USD
Papua New Guinea PG Kina PGK
Paraguay PY Guarani PYG
Peru PE Inti and New Sol (New Sol replaced Sol) PEI, PEN (PEN replaced PES)
Philippines PH Philippines Peso PHP
Pitcairn Island PN New Zealand Dollar NZD
Poland PL New Zloty (replacement for Zloty) PLN (replacement for PLZ)
Portugal PT Euro EUR
Puerto Rico PR US Dollar USD
Qatar QA Qatari Riyal QAR
Réunion RE Euro EUR
Romania RO Romanian Leu ROL
Russian Federation RU Russian Federation Rouble RUB (formerly RUR)
Rwanda RW Rwanda Franc RWF
Saint See also St
Saint Kitts (Christopher) and Nevis KN East Caribbean Dollar XCD
Saint Lucia LC East Caribbean Dollar XCD
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines VC East Caribbean Dollar XCD
Samoa WS Tala WST
San Marino SM Euro EUR
São Tomé and Príncipe ST Dobra STD
Saudi Arabia SA Saudi Riyal SAR
Senegal SN West African Franc and Franc de la Communauté financière africaine XOF, XAF
Serbia and Montenegro (formerly Yugoslavia) CS Serbian Dinar (Serbia), Euro (Montenegro), Euro (Kosovo and Metohia) CSD, EUR
Seychelles SC Seychelles Rupee SCR
Sierra Leone SL Leone SLL
Singapore SG Singapore Dollar SGD
Slovakia (Slovak Republic) SK Euro EUR
Slovenia SI Euro EUR
Solomon Islands SB Solomon Islands Dollar SBD
Somalia SO Somali Shilling SOS
South Africa ZA Rand ZAR
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands GS Pound Sterling GBP
Spain ES Euro EUR
Sri Lanka LK Sri Lankan Rupee LKR
St See also Saint
St Helena SH St Helena Pound SHP
St Pierre and Miquelon PM Euro EUR
Sudan SD Sudanese Pound (Dinar no longer used) SDG
Suriname SR Surinam Guilder (also known as Florin) SRG
Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands SJ Norwegian Krone NOK
Swaziland SZ Lilangeni SZL
Sweden SE Swedish Krona SEK
Switzerland CH Swiss Franc CHF
Syrian Arab Republic SY Syrian Pound SYP
Taiwan, Province of China TW New Taiwan Dollar TWD
Tajikistan TJ Tajik Rouble (Russian Ruble [RUR] was formerly in use) TJR
Tanzania, United Republic of TZ Tanzanian Shilling TZS
Thailand TH Baht THB
Timor See East Timor and Indonesia (includes West Timor)
Togo TG Franc de la Communauté financière africaine XAF
Tokelau TK New Zealand Dollar NZD
Tonga TO Pa'anga TOP
Trinidad and Tobago TT Trinidad and Tobago Dollar TTD
Tunisia TN Tunisian Dinar TND
Turkey TR New Turkish Lira TRY
Turkmenistan TM Turkmenistani Manat TMM
Turks and Caicos Islands TC US Dollar USD
Tuvalu TV Australian Dollar AUD
Uganda UG Ugandan Shilling UGS
Ukraine UA Hryvna and Karbovanet UAH, UAK
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics SU USSR Rouble SUR
United Arab Emirates AE UAE Dirham AED
United Kingdom GB Pound Sterling GBP (sometimes incorrectly seen as UKP)
United States of America US US Dollar USD
United States Minor Outlying Islands UM US Dollar USD
Uruguay UY Uruguayan Peso UYU
Uzbekistan UZ Uzbekistani Som (Russian Ruble [RUR] was formerly in use) UZS
Vanautu VU Vatu VUV
Vatican City State Now known as the Holy See
Venezuela VE Bolivar Fuerte VEF
Viet Nam VN Dông VND
Virgin Islands (British) VG US Dollar (Pound Sterling and East Caribbean Dollar also circulate) USD (also GBP, XCD)
Virgin Islands (US) VI US Dollar USD
Wallis and Futuna Islands WF Franc des Comptoirs français du Pacifique XPF
West Africa XO? West African Franc XOF
Western Sahara EH Moroccan Dirham and Mauritanian Ouguiya MAD, MRO
Yemen (unified North and South) YE (formerly YE for North Yemen and YD for South Yemen) Riyal (Dinar was used in South Yemen) YER (YDD formerly in use in South)
Yugoslavia See Serbia and Montenegro
Zaïre Former name for Congo, Democratic Republic of the
Zambia ZM Zambian Kwacha ZMK
Zimbabwe ZW US Dollar (and other currencies) USD
Country Co. Code Currency Curr. Code
Afghanistan AF Afghani AFA
Albania AL Lek ALL
Algeria DZ Algerian Dinar DZD
American Samoa AS US Dollar USD
Andorra AD Euro EUR
Angola AO Kwanza AOA (replacement for AON)
Anguilla AI East Caribbean Dollar XCD
Antarctica AQ Norwegian Krone NOK
Antigua and Barbuda AG East Caribbean Dollar XCD
Argentina AR Austral and Argenintinian Neuvo Peso (replacement for the Peso) ARA, ARS (replacement for ARP)
Armenia AM Dram (Russian Ruble [RUR] was formerly in use) AMD
Aruba AW Aruban Guilder (Florin) AWG
Australia AU Australian Dollar AUD
Austria AT Euro EUR
Azerbaijan AZ Azerbaijani Manat (Russian Ruble [RUR] was formerly in use) AZM
Bahamas BS Bahamian Dollar BSD
Bahrain BH Bahraini Dinar BHD
Bangladesh BD Taka BDT
Barbados BB Barbados Dollar BBD
Belarus (formerly known as Byelorussia) BY Belarussian Rouble (Russian Ruble [RUR] was formerly in use) BYR
Belgium BE Euro EUR
Belize BZ Belize Dollar BZD
Benin BJ Franc de la Communauté financière africaine XAF
Bermuda BM Bermudian Dollar BMD
Bhutan BT Ngultrum (Indian Rupee also circulates) BTN (also INR)
Bolivia BO Boliviano and Bolivian Peso BOB, BOP
Bosnia & Herzegowina BA Convertible Mark BAM
Botswana BW Pula BWP
Bouvet Island BV Norwegian Krone NOK
Brazil BR Real BRL
British Indian Ocean Territory IO Pound Sterling (United Kingdom Pound), Seychelles Rupee GBP, SCR
Brunei Darussalam BN Brunei Dollar BND
Bulgaria BG Lev BGL
Burkina Faso BF Franc de la Communauté financière africaine XAF
Burma Former name for Myanmar
Burundi BI Burundi Franc BIF
Byelorussia Former name of Belarus
Cambodia (formerly Kampuchea) KH Riel KHR
Cameroon CM Franc de la Communauté financière africaine XAF
Canada CA Canadian Dollar CAD
Cape Verde CV Escudo Caboverdiano CVE
Cayman Islands KY Cayman Islands Dollar KYD
Central African Republic CF Franc de la Communauté financière africaine XAF
Chad TD Franc de la Communauté financière africaine XAF
Chile CL Unidades de Fomento and Chilean Peso CLF, CLP
China CN Yuan Renminbi CNY
Christmas Island CX Australian Dollar AUD
Cocos (Keeling) Islands CC Australian Dollar AUD
Colombia CO Colombian Peso COP
Comoros KM Comorian Franc KMF
Congo, Democratic Republic of the (formerly Zaïre) CD (formerly ZR) New Zaïre CDZ (formerly ZRZ)
Congo CG Franc de la Communauté financière africaine XAF
Cook Islands CK New Zealand Dollar NZD
Costa Rica CR Costa Rican Colón CRC
Côte d'Ivoire See Ivory Coast
Croatia (local name: Hrvatska) HR Kuna and Croatian Dinar HRK, HRD
Cuba CU Cuban Peso CUP
Cyprus CY Euro EUR
Czech Republic CZ Czech Koruna CZK
Czechoslovakia Now split into Czech Republic and Slovakia
Denmark DK Danish Krone DKK
Djibouti DJ Djibouti Franc DJF
Dominica DM East Caribbean Dollar XCD
Dominican Republic DO Dominican Republic Peso DOP
East Timor TP Timorian Escudo TPE
Ecuador EC US Dollar (superseded Sucre in 2000) USD (ECS)
Egypt EG Egytian Pound EGP
El Salvador SV US Dollar USD
Equatorial Guinea GQ Franc de la Communauté financière africaine and Ekwele XAF, GQE
Eritrea ER Eritreian Nakfa, Ethiopian Birr ERN, ETB
Estonia EE Kroon EEK
Ethiopia ET Birr ETB
European Community ?? Euro (formerly known as the ECU) EUR (formerly XEU)
Falkland Islands (Malvinas) FK Falkland Pound FKP
Faroe Islands FO Danish Krone DKK
Fiji Islands FJ Fiji Dollar FJD
Finland FI Euro EUR
France FR Euro EUR
France, Metropolitan FX Euro EUR
French Guiana GF Euro EUR
French Polynesia PF Franc des Comptoirs français du Pacifique XPF
French Southern and Antarctic Territories TF Euro EUR
Gabon GA Franc de la Communauté financière africaine XAF
Gambia GM Dalasi GMD
Georgia GE Lari (Russian Ruble [RUR] was formerly in use) GEL
Germany (West and East) DE (formerly DE for West and DD for East) Euro EUR
Ghana GH Cedi GHC
Gibraltar GI Gibraltar Pound GIP
Greece GR Euro EUR
Greenland GL Danish Krone DKK
Grenada GD East Caribbean Dollar XCD
Guadeloupe GP Euro EUR
Guam GU US Dollar USD
Guatemala GT Quetzal GTQ
Guinea GN Guinea Syli (also known as Guinea Franc) GNS
Guinea-Bissau GW Guinea-Bissau Peso and Franc de la Communauté financière africaine GWP, XAF
Guyana GY Guyana Dollar GYD
Haiti HT Gourde HTG
Heard and McDonald Islands HM Australian Dollar AUD
Holy See (Vatican City State) VA Euro EUR
Honduras HN Lempira HNL
Hong Kong HK Hong Kong Dollar HKD
Hrvatska Local name for Croatia
Hungary HU Forint HUF
Iceland IS Icelandic Króna ISK
India IN Indian Rupee INR
Indonesia ID Rupiah IDR
Iran, Islamic Republic of IR Iranian Rial IRR
Iraq IQ Iraqi Dinar IQD
Ireland IE Euro EUR
Israel IL Shekel ILS
Italy IT Euro EUR
Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire) CI Franc de la Communauté financière africaine XAF
Jamaica JM Jamaican Dollar JMD
Japan JP Yen JPY
Jordan JO Jordanian Dinar JOD
Kampuchea Former name for Cambodia
Kazakhstan KZ Tenge (Russian Ruble [RUR] was formerly in use) KZT
Kenya KE Kenyan Shilling KES
Kiribati KI Australian Dollar AUD
Korea, Democratic People's Republic of (North Korea) KP North Korean Won KPW
Korea, Republic of (South Korea) KR South Korean Won KRW
Kosova and Metohia See Serbia and Montenegro
Kuwait KW Kuwaiti Dinar KWD
Kyrgyzstan KG Kyrgyzstani Som KGS
Lao People's Democratic Republic (formerly Laos) LA Kip LAK
Latvia LV Lats LVL
Lebanon LB Lebanese Pound LBP
Lesotho LS Loti, Maloti and South African Rand LSL, LSM, ZAR
Liberia LR Liberian Dollar LRD
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya LY Libyan Dinar LYD
Liechtenstein LI Swiss Franc CHF
Lithuania LT Litas LTL
Luxembourg LU Euro EUR
Macao (also spelled Macau) MO Pataca MOP
Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of MK Macedonian Dinar MKD
Madagascar MG Malagasy Franc MGF
Malawi MW Malawian Kwacha MWK
Malaysia MY Ringgit (Malaysian Dollar) MYR
Maldives MV Rufiyaa MVR
Mali ML Franc de la Communauté financière africaine and Malian Franc XAF, MLF
Malta MT Euro EUR
Malvinas See Falkland Islands
Marshall Islands MH US Dollar USD
Martinique MQ Euro EUR
Mauritania MR Ouguiya MRO
Mauritius MU Mauritius Rupee MUR
Mayotte YT Euro EUR
Mexico MX Mexican New Peso (replacement for Mexican Peso) MXN (replacement for MXP)
Micronesia, Federated States of FM US Dollar USD
Moldova, Republic of MD Moldovian Leu MDL
Monaco MC Euro EUR
Mongolia MN Tugrik MNT
Montenegro See Serbia and Montenegro
Montserrat MS East Caribbean Dollar XCD
Morocco MA Moroccan Dirham MAD
Mozambique MZ Metical MZM
Myanmar (formerly Burma) MM (formerly BU) Kyat MMK (formerly BUK)
Namibia NA Namibia Dollar and South African Rand NAD, ZAR
Nauru NR Australian Dollar AUD
Nepal NP Nepalese Rupee NPR
Netherlands NL Euro EUR
Netherlands Antilles AN Netherlands Antilles Guilder (Florin) ANG
New Caledonia NC Franc des Comptoirs français du Pacifique XPF
New Zealand NZ New Zealand Dollar NZD
Nicaragua NI Córdoba NIC
Niger NE West African Franc and Franc de la Communauté financière africaine XOF, XAF
Nigeria NG Naira NGN
Niue NU New Zealand Dollar NZD
Norfolk Island NF Australian Dollar AUD
Northern Mariana Islands MP US Dollar USD
Norway NO Norwegian Krone NOK
Oman OM Rial Omani OMR
Pakistan PK Pakistani Rupee PKR
Palau PW US Dollar USD
Panama PA Balboa and US Dollar PAB, USD
Papua New Guinea PG Kina PGK
Paraguay PY Guarani PYG
Peru PE Inti and New Sol (New Sol replaced Sol) PEI, PEN (PEN replaced PES)
Philippines PH Philippines Peso PHP
Pitcairn Island PN New Zealand Dollar NZD
Poland PL New Zloty (replacement for Zloty) PLN (replacement for PLZ)
Portugal PT Euro EUR
Puerto Rico PR US Dollar USD
Qatar QA Qatari Riyal QAR
Réunion RE Euro EUR
Romania RO Romanian Leu ROL
Russian Federation RU Russian Federation Rouble RUB (formerly RUR)
Rwanda RW Rwanda Franc RWF
Saint See also St
Saint Kitts (Christopher) and Nevis KN East Caribbean Dollar XCD
Saint Lucia LC East Caribbean Dollar XCD
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines VC East Caribbean Dollar XCD
Samoa WS Tala WST
San Marino SM Euro EUR
São Tomé and Príncipe ST Dobra STD
Saudi Arabia SA Saudi Riyal SAR
Senegal SN West African Franc and Franc de la Communauté financière africaine XOF, XAF
Serbia and Montenegro (formerly Yugoslavia) CS Serbian Dinar (Serbia), Euro (Montenegro), Euro (Kosovo and Metohia) CSD, EUR
Seychelles SC Seychelles Rupee SCR
Sierra Leone SL Leone SLL
Singapore SG Singapore Dollar SGD
Slovakia (Slovak Republic) SK Euro EUR
Slovenia SI Euro EUR
Solomon Islands SB Solomon Islands Dollar SBD
Somalia SO Somali Shilling SOS
South Africa ZA Rand ZAR
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands GS Pound Sterling GBP
Spain ES Euro EUR
Sri Lanka LK Sri Lankan Rupee LKR
St See also Saint
St Helena SH St Helena Pound SHP
St Pierre and Miquelon PM Euro EUR
Sudan SD Sudanese Pound (Dinar no longer used) SDG
Suriname SR Surinam Guilder (also known as Florin) SRG
Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands SJ Norwegian Krone NOK
Swaziland SZ Lilangeni SZL
Sweden SE Swedish Krona SEK
Switzerland CH Swiss Franc CHF
Syrian Arab Republic SY Syrian Pound SYP
Taiwan, Province of China TW New Taiwan Dollar TWD
Tajikistan TJ Tajik Rouble (Russian Ruble [RUR] was formerly in use) TJR
Tanzania, United Republic of TZ Tanzanian Shilling TZS
Thailand TH Baht THB
Timor See East Timor and Indonesia (includes West Timor)
Togo TG Franc de la Communauté financière africaine XAF
Tokelau TK New Zealand Dollar NZD
Tonga TO Pa'anga TOP
Trinidad and Tobago TT Trinidad and Tobago Dollar TTD
Tunisia TN Tunisian Dinar TND
Turkey TR New Turkish Lira TRY
Turkmenistan TM Turkmenistani Manat TMM
Turks and Caicos Islands TC US Dollar USD
Tuvalu TV Australian Dollar AUD
Uganda UG Ugandan Shilling UGS
Ukraine UA Hryvna and Karbovanet UAH, UAK
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics SU USSR Rouble SUR
United Arab Emirates AE UAE Dirham AED
United Kingdom GB Pound Sterling GBP (sometimes incorrectly seen as UKP)
United States of America US US Dollar USD
United States Minor Outlying Islands UM US Dollar USD
Uruguay UY Uruguayan Peso UYU
Uzbekistan UZ Uzbekistani Som (Russian Ruble [RUR] was formerly in use) UZS
Vanautu VU Vatu VUV
Vatican City State Now known as the Holy See
Venezuela VE Bolivar Fuerte VEF
Viet Nam VN Dông VND
Virgin Islands (British) VG US Dollar (Pound Sterling and East Caribbean Dollar also circulate) USD (also GBP, XCD)
Virgin Islands (US) VI US Dollar USD
Wallis and Futuna Islands WF Franc des Comptoirs français du Pacifique XPF
West Africa XO? West African Franc XOF
Western Sahara EH Moroccan Dirham and Mauritanian Ouguiya MAD, MRO
Yemen (unified North and South) YE (formerly YE for North Yemen and YD for South Yemen) Riyal (Dinar was used in South Yemen) YER (YDD formerly in use in South)
Yugoslavia See Serbia and Montenegro
Zaïre Former name for Congo, Democratic Republic of the
Zambia ZM Zambian Kwacha ZMK
Zimbabwe ZW US Dollar (and other currencies) USD
.NET Framework Developer Center
Resources
.NET Framework Developer Center
For essential Developer information, including Forums and Downloads, visit the .NET Framework Developer Center on MSDN.
Windows Presentation Foundation
Discover how the Windows Presentation Foundation enables building rich client applications.
ASP.NET
Discover how you can use ASP.NET to build Web applications.
Windows Communication Foundation
Discover how the Windows Communication Foundation helps simplify creating robust communications and building service-oriented architectures.
Windows Workflow Foundation
Discover how the Windows Workflow Foundation enables building workflow-enabled applications.
Windows Forms
Discover how you can build desktop applications using Windows Forms.
Silverlight
The Silverlight.net site is the Microsoft Community for building cross-browser, cross-platform, and cross-device plug-in for delivering the next generation of .NET based media experiences and rich interactive applications for the Web.
Azure
Discover how you can leverage your .NET skills to build applications for the cloud.
.NET Framework Developer Center
For essential Developer information, including Forums and Downloads, visit the .NET Framework Developer Center on MSDN.
Windows Presentation Foundation
Discover how the Windows Presentation Foundation enables building rich client applications.
ASP.NET
Discover how you can use ASP.NET to build Web applications.
Windows Communication Foundation
Discover how the Windows Communication Foundation helps simplify creating robust communications and building service-oriented architectures.
Windows Workflow Foundation
Discover how the Windows Workflow Foundation enables building workflow-enabled applications.
Windows Forms
Discover how you can build desktop applications using Windows Forms.
Silverlight
The Silverlight.net site is the Microsoft Community for building cross-browser, cross-platform, and cross-device plug-in for delivering the next generation of .NET based media experiences and rich interactive applications for the Web.
Azure
Discover how you can leverage your .NET skills to build applications for the cloud.
.NET Framework Overview
The .NET Framework is Microsoft's platform for building applications that have visually stunning user experiences, seamless and secure communication, and the ability to model a range of business processes. The .Net Framework consists of:
Common Language Runtime – provides an abstraction layer over the operating system
Base Class Libraries – pre-built code for common low-level programming tasks
Development frameworks and technologies – reusable, customizable solutions for larger programming tasks
By providing you with a comprehensive and consistent programming model and a common set of APIs, the .NET Framework helps you to build applications that work the way you want, in the programming language you prefer, across software, services, and devices.
Secure, Multi-Language Development Platform
Next-Generation User Experiences
Cutting-Edge Web Application Development
Secure, Reliable Web Services
Mission-Critical Business Processes
Flexible Data Access Options
Click here to explore the .NET Framework in an interactive manner
Read this document for a deeper conceptual overview of the .NET Framework
Common Language Runtime – provides an abstraction layer over the operating system
Base Class Libraries – pre-built code for common low-level programming tasks
Development frameworks and technologies – reusable, customizable solutions for larger programming tasks
By providing you with a comprehensive and consistent programming model and a common set of APIs, the .NET Framework helps you to build applications that work the way you want, in the programming language you prefer, across software, services, and devices.
Secure, Multi-Language Development Platform
Next-Generation User Experiences
Cutting-Edge Web Application Development
Secure, Reliable Web Services
Mission-Critical Business Processes
Flexible Data Access Options
Click here to explore the .NET Framework in an interactive manner
Read this document for a deeper conceptual overview of the .NET Framework
HTML ASCII Reference
The ASCII character-set is used to send information between computers on the Internet.
The ASCII Character Set
ASCII stands for the "American Standard Code for Information Interchange". It was designed in the early 60's, as a standard character-set for computers and hardware devices like teleprinters and tapedrives.
ASCII is a 7-bit character set containing 128 characters.
It contains the numbers from 0-9, the uppercase and lowercase English letters from A to Z, and some special characters.
The character-sets used in modern computers, HTML, and Internet are all based on ASCII.
The following table lists the 128 ASCII characters and their equivalent HTML entity codes.
ASCII Printable Characters
ASCII Character HTML Entity Code Description
space
! ! exclamation mark
" " quotation mark
# # number sign
$ $ dollar sign
% % percent sign
& & ampersand
' ' apostrophe
( ( left parenthesis
) ) right parenthesis
* * asterisk
+ + plus sign
, , comma
- - hyphen
. . period
/ / slash
0 0 digit 0
1 1 digit 1
2 2 digit 2
3 3 digit 3
4 4 digit 4
5 5 digit 5
6 6 digit 6
7 7 digit 7
8 8 digit 8
9 9 digit 9
: : colon
; ; semicolon
< < less-than = = equals-to > > greater-than
? ? question mark
@ @ at sign
A A uppercase A
B B uppercase B
C C uppercase C
D D uppercase D
E E uppercase E
F F uppercase F
G G uppercase G
H H uppercase H
I I uppercase I
J J uppercase J
K K uppercase K
L L uppercase L
M M uppercase M
N N uppercase N
O O uppercase O
P P uppercase P
Q Q uppercase Q
R R uppercase R
S S uppercase S
T T uppercase T
U U uppercase U
V V uppercase V
W W uppercase W
X X uppercase X
Y Y uppercase Y
Z Z uppercase Z
[ [ left square bracket
\ \ backslash
] ] right square bracket
^ ^ caret
_ _ underscore
` ` grave accent
a a lowercase a
b b lowercase b
c c lowercase c
d d lowercase d
e e lowercase e
f f lowercase f
g g lowercase g
h h lowercase h
i i lowercase i
j j lowercase j
k k lowercase k
l l lowercase l
m m lowercase m
n n lowercase n
o o lowercase o
p p lowercase p
q q lowercase q
r r lowercase r
s s lowercase s
t t lowercase t
u u lowercase u
v v lowercase v
w w lowercase w
x x lowercase x
y y lowercase y
z z lowercase z
{ { left curly brace
| | vertical bar
} } right curly brace
~ ~ tilde
ASCII Device Control Characters
The ASCII device control characters were originally designed to control hardware devices.
Control characters have nothing to do inside an HTML document.
ASCII Character HTML Entity Code Description
NUL � null character
SOH start of header
STX start of text
ETX end of text
EOT end of transmission
ENQ enquiry
ACK acknowledge
BEL bell (ring)
BS backspace
HT horizontal tab
LF line feed
VT vertical tab
FF form feed
CR carriage return
SO shift out
SI shift in
DLE data link escape
DC1 device control 1
DC2 device control 2
DC3 device control 3
DC4 device control 4
NAK negative acknowledge
SYN synchronize
ETB end transmission block
CAN cancel
EM end of medium
SUB substitute
ESC escape
FS file separator
GS group separator
RS record separator
US unit separator
DEL delete (rubout)
The ASCII Character Set
ASCII stands for the "American Standard Code for Information Interchange". It was designed in the early 60's, as a standard character-set for computers and hardware devices like teleprinters and tapedrives.
ASCII is a 7-bit character set containing 128 characters.
It contains the numbers from 0-9, the uppercase and lowercase English letters from A to Z, and some special characters.
The character-sets used in modern computers, HTML, and Internet are all based on ASCII.
The following table lists the 128 ASCII characters and their equivalent HTML entity codes.
ASCII Printable Characters
ASCII Character HTML Entity Code Description
space
! ! exclamation mark
" " quotation mark
# # number sign
$ $ dollar sign
% % percent sign
& & ampersand
' ' apostrophe
( ( left parenthesis
) ) right parenthesis
* * asterisk
+ + plus sign
, , comma
- - hyphen
. . period
/ / slash
0 0 digit 0
1 1 digit 1
2 2 digit 2
3 3 digit 3
4 4 digit 4
5 5 digit 5
6 6 digit 6
7 7 digit 7
8 8 digit 8
9 9 digit 9
: : colon
; ; semicolon
< < less-than = = equals-to > > greater-than
? ? question mark
@ @ at sign
A A uppercase A
B B uppercase B
C C uppercase C
D D uppercase D
E E uppercase E
F F uppercase F
G G uppercase G
H H uppercase H
I I uppercase I
J J uppercase J
K K uppercase K
L L uppercase L
M M uppercase M
N N uppercase N
O O uppercase O
P P uppercase P
Q Q uppercase Q
R R uppercase R
S S uppercase S
T T uppercase T
U U uppercase U
V V uppercase V
W W uppercase W
X X uppercase X
Y Y uppercase Y
Z Z uppercase Z
[ [ left square bracket
\ \ backslash
] ] right square bracket
^ ^ caret
_ _ underscore
` ` grave accent
a a lowercase a
b b lowercase b
c c lowercase c
d d lowercase d
e e lowercase e
f f lowercase f
g g lowercase g
h h lowercase h
i i lowercase i
j j lowercase j
k k lowercase k
l l lowercase l
m m lowercase m
n n lowercase n
o o lowercase o
p p lowercase p
q q lowercase q
r r lowercase r
s s lowercase s
t t lowercase t
u u lowercase u
v v lowercase v
w w lowercase w
x x lowercase x
y y lowercase y
z z lowercase z
{ { left curly brace
| | vertical bar
} } right curly brace
~ ~ tilde
ASCII Device Control Characters
The ASCII device control characters were originally designed to control hardware devices.
Control characters have nothing to do inside an HTML document.
ASCII Character HTML Entity Code Description
NUL � null character
SOH start of header
STX start of text
ETX end of text
EOT end of transmission
ENQ enquiry
ACK acknowledge
BEL bell (ring)
BS backspace
HT horizontal tab
LF line feed
VT vertical tab
FF form feed
CR carriage return
SO shift out
SI shift in
DLE data link escape
DC1 device control 1
DC2 device control 2
DC3 device control 3
DC4 device control 4
NAK negative acknowledge
SYN synchronize
ETB end transmission block
CAN cancel
EM end of medium
SUB substitute
ESC escape
FS file separator
GS group separator
RS record separator
US unit separator
DEL delete (rubout)
HTML URL Encoding Reference
URL encoding converts characters into a format that can be transmitted over the Internet.
URL - Uniform Resource Locator
Web browsers request pages from web servers by using a URL.
The URL is the address of a web page, like: http://www.w3schools.com.
URL Encoding
URLs can only be sent over the Internet using the ASCII character-set.
Since URLs often contain characters outside the ASCII set, the URL has to be converted into a valid ASCII format.
URL encoding replaces unsafe ASCII characters with a "%" followed by two hexadecimal digits.
URLs cannot contain spaces. URL encoding normally replaces a space with a + sign.
Try It Yourself
If you click the "Submit" button below, the browser will URL encode the input before it is sent to the server. A page at the server will display the received input.
Try some other input and click Submit again.
URL Encoding Functions
In JavaScript, PHP, and ASP there are functions that can be used to URL encode a string.
In JavaScript you can use the encodeURI() function. PHP has the rawurlencode() function and ASP has the Server.URLEncode() function.
Click the "URL Encode" button to see how the JavaScript function encodes the text.
Note: The JavaScript function encodes space as %20.
URL Encoding Reference
ASCII Character URL-encoding
space %20
! %21
" %22
# %23
$ %24
% %25
& %26
' %27
( %28
) %29
* %2A
+ %2B
, %2C
- %2D
. %2E
/ %2F
0 %30
1 %31
2 %32
3 %33
4 %34
5 %35
6 %36
7 %37
8 %38
9 %39
: %3A
; %3B
< %3C = %3D > %3E
? %3F
@ %40
A %41
B %42
C %43
D %44
E %45
F %46
G %47
H %48
I %49
J %4A
K %4B
L %4C
M %4D
N %4E
O %4F
P %50
Q %51
R %52
S %53
T %54
U %55
V %56
W %57
X %58
Y %59
Z %5A
[ %5B
\ %5C
] %5D
^ %5E
_ %5F
` %60
a %61
b %62
c %63
d %64
e %65
f %66
g %67
h %68
i %69
j %6A
k %6B
l %6C
m %6D
n %6E
o %6F
p %70
q %71
r %72
s %73
t %74
u %75
v %76
w %77
x %78
y %79
z %7A
{ %7B
| %7C
} %7D
~ %7E
%7F
€ %80
%81
‚ %82
ƒ %83
„ %84
… %85
† %86
‡ %87
ˆ %88
‰ %89
Š %8A
‹ %8B
Π%8C
%8D
Ž %8E
%8F
%90
‘ %91
’ %92
“ %93
” %94
• %95
– %96
— %97
˜ %98
™ %99
š %9A
› %9B
œ %9C
%9D
ž %9E
Ÿ %9F
%A0
¡ %A1
¢ %A2
£ %A3
%A4
¥ %A5
| %A6
§ %A7
¨ %A8
© %A9
ª %AA
« %AB
¬ %AC
¯ %AD
® %AE
¯ %AF
° %B0
± %B1
² %B2
³ %B3
´ %B4
µ %B5
¶ %B6
· %B7
¸ %B8
¹ %B9
º %BA
» %BB
¼ %BC
½ %BD
¾ %BE
¿ %BF
À %C0
Á %C1
 %C2
à %C3
Ä %C4
Å %C5
Æ %C6
Ç %C7
È %C8
É %C9
Ê %CA
Ë %CB
Ì %CC
Í %CD
Î %CE
Ï %CF
Ð %D0
Ñ %D1
Ò %D2
Ó %D3
Ô %D4
Õ %D5
Ö %D6
%D7
Ø %D8
Ù %D9
Ú %DA
Û %DB
Ü %DC
Ý %DD
Þ %DE
ß %DF
à %E0
á %E1
â %E2
ã %E3
ä %E4
å %E5
æ %E6
ç %E7
è %E8
é %E9
ê %EA
ë %EB
ì %EC
í %ED
î %EE
ï %EF
ð %F0
ñ %F1
ò %F2
ó %F3
ô %F4
õ %F5
ö %F6
÷ %F7
ø %F8
ù %F9
ú %FA
û %FB
ü %FC
ý %FD
þ %FE
ÿ %FF
URL Encoding Reference
The ASCII device control characters -%1f were originally designed to control hardware devices. Control characters have nothing to do inside a URL.
ASCII Character Description URL-encoding
NUL null character
SOH start of header %01
STX start of text %02
ETX end of text %03
EOT end of transmission %04
ENQ enquiry %05
ACK acknowledge %06
BEL bell (ring) %07
BS backspace %08
HT horizontal tab %09
LF line feed %0A
VT vertical tab %0B
FF form feed %0C
CR carriage return %0D
SO shift out %0E
SI shift in %0F
DLE data link escape %10
DC1 device control 1 %11
DC2 device control 2 %12
DC3 device control 3 %13
DC4 device control 4 %14
NAK negative acknowledge %15
SYN synchronize %16
ETB end transmission block %17
CAN cancel %18
EM end of medium %19
SUB substitute %1A
ESC escape %1B
FS file separator %1C
GS group separator %1D
RS record separator %1E
US unit separator %1F
« Previous Next Reference »
URL - Uniform Resource Locator
Web browsers request pages from web servers by using a URL.
The URL is the address of a web page, like: http://www.w3schools.com.
URL Encoding
URLs can only be sent over the Internet using the ASCII character-set.
Since URLs often contain characters outside the ASCII set, the URL has to be converted into a valid ASCII format.
URL encoding replaces unsafe ASCII characters with a "%" followed by two hexadecimal digits.
URLs cannot contain spaces. URL encoding normally replaces a space with a + sign.
Try It Yourself
If you click the "Submit" button below, the browser will URL encode the input before it is sent to the server. A page at the server will display the received input.
Try some other input and click Submit again.
URL Encoding Functions
In JavaScript, PHP, and ASP there are functions that can be used to URL encode a string.
In JavaScript you can use the encodeURI() function. PHP has the rawurlencode() function and ASP has the Server.URLEncode() function.
Click the "URL Encode" button to see how the JavaScript function encodes the text.
Note: The JavaScript function encodes space as %20.
URL Encoding Reference
ASCII Character URL-encoding
space %20
! %21
" %22
# %23
$ %24
% %25
& %26
' %27
( %28
) %29
* %2A
+ %2B
, %2C
- %2D
. %2E
/ %2F
0 %30
1 %31
2 %32
3 %33
4 %34
5 %35
6 %36
7 %37
8 %38
9 %39
: %3A
; %3B
< %3C = %3D > %3E
? %3F
@ %40
A %41
B %42
C %43
D %44
E %45
F %46
G %47
H %48
I %49
J %4A
K %4B
L %4C
M %4D
N %4E
O %4F
P %50
Q %51
R %52
S %53
T %54
U %55
V %56
W %57
X %58
Y %59
Z %5A
[ %5B
\ %5C
] %5D
^ %5E
_ %5F
` %60
a %61
b %62
c %63
d %64
e %65
f %66
g %67
h %68
i %69
j %6A
k %6B
l %6C
m %6D
n %6E
o %6F
p %70
q %71
r %72
s %73
t %74
u %75
v %76
w %77
x %78
y %79
z %7A
{ %7B
| %7C
} %7D
~ %7E
%7F
€ %80
%81
‚ %82
ƒ %83
„ %84
… %85
† %86
‡ %87
ˆ %88
‰ %89
Š %8A
‹ %8B
Π%8C
%8D
Ž %8E
%8F
%90
‘ %91
’ %92
“ %93
” %94
• %95
– %96
— %97
˜ %98
™ %99
š %9A
› %9B
œ %9C
%9D
ž %9E
Ÿ %9F
%A0
¡ %A1
¢ %A2
£ %A3
%A4
¥ %A5
| %A6
§ %A7
¨ %A8
© %A9
ª %AA
« %AB
¬ %AC
¯ %AD
® %AE
¯ %AF
° %B0
± %B1
² %B2
³ %B3
´ %B4
µ %B5
¶ %B6
· %B7
¸ %B8
¹ %B9
º %BA
» %BB
¼ %BC
½ %BD
¾ %BE
¿ %BF
À %C0
Á %C1
 %C2
à %C3
Ä %C4
Å %C5
Æ %C6
Ç %C7
È %C8
É %C9
Ê %CA
Ë %CB
Ì %CC
Í %CD
Î %CE
Ï %CF
Ð %D0
Ñ %D1
Ò %D2
Ó %D3
Ô %D4
Õ %D5
Ö %D6
%D7
Ø %D8
Ù %D9
Ú %DA
Û %DB
Ü %DC
Ý %DD
Þ %DE
ß %DF
à %E0
á %E1
â %E2
ã %E3
ä %E4
å %E5
æ %E6
ç %E7
è %E8
é %E9
ê %EA
ë %EB
ì %EC
í %ED
î %EE
ï %EF
ð %F0
ñ %F1
ò %F2
ó %F3
ô %F4
õ %F5
ö %F6
÷ %F7
ø %F8
ù %F9
ú %FA
û %FB
ü %FC
ý %FD
þ %FE
ÿ %FF
URL Encoding Reference
The ASCII device control characters -%1f were originally designed to control hardware devices. Control characters have nothing to do inside a URL.
ASCII Character Description URL-encoding
NUL null character
SOH start of header %01
STX start of text %02
ETX end of text %03
EOT end of transmission %04
ENQ enquiry %05
ACK acknowledge %06
BEL bell (ring) %07
BS backspace %08
HT horizontal tab %09
LF line feed %0A
VT vertical tab %0B
FF form feed %0C
CR carriage return %0D
SO shift out %0E
SI shift in %0F
DLE data link escape %10
DC1 device control 1 %11
DC2 device control 2 %12
DC3 device control 3 %13
DC4 device control 4 %14
NAK negative acknowledge %15
SYN synchronize %16
ETB end transmission block %17
CAN cancel %18
EM end of medium %19
SUB substitute %1A
ESC escape %1B
FS file separator %1C
GS group separator %1D
RS record separator %1E
US unit separator %1F
« Previous Next Reference »
Color Names Supported by All Browsers
Color Names Supported by All Browsers
147 color names are defined in the HTML and CSS color specification (17 standard colors plus 130 more). The table below lists them all, along with their hexadecimal values.
Tip: The 17 standard colors are: aqua, black, blue, fuchsia, gray, grey, green, lime, maroon, navy, olive, purple, red, silver, teal, white, and yellow.
Click on a color name (or a hex value) to view the color as the background-color along with different text colors:
Color Name HEX Color Shades Mix
AliceBlue #F0F8FF Shades Mix
AntiqueWhite #FAEBD7 Shades Mix
Aqua #00FFFF Shades Mix
Aquamarine #7FFFD4 Shades Mix
Azure #F0FFFF Shades Mix
Beige #F5F5DC Shades Mix
Bisque #FFE4C4 Shades Mix
Black #000000 Shades Mix
BlanchedAlmond #FFEBCD Shades Mix
Blue #0000FF Shades Mix
BlueViolet #8A2BE2 Shades Mix
Brown #A52A2A Shades Mix
BurlyWood #DEB887 Shades Mix
CadetBlue #5F9EA0 Shades Mix
Chartreuse #7FFF00 Shades Mix
Chocolate #D2691E Shades Mix
Coral #FF7F50 Shades Mix
CornflowerBlue #6495ED Shades Mix
Cornsilk #FFF8DC Shades Mix
Crimson #DC143C Shades Mix
Cyan #00FFFF Shades Mix
DarkBlue #00008B Shades Mix
DarkCyan #008B8B Shades Mix
DarkGoldenRod #B8860B Shades Mix
DarkGray #A9A9A9 Shades Mix
DarkGrey #A9A9A9 Shades Mix
DarkGreen #006400 Shades Mix
DarkKhaki #BDB76B Shades Mix
DarkMagenta #8B008B Shades Mix
DarkOliveGreen #556B2F Shades Mix
Darkorange #FF8C00 Shades Mix
DarkOrchid #9932CC Shades Mix
DarkRed #8B0000 Shades Mix
DarkSalmon #E9967A Shades Mix
DarkSeaGreen #8FBC8F Shades Mix
DarkSlateBlue #483D8B Shades Mix
DarkSlateGray #2F4F4F Shades Mix
DarkSlateGrey #2F4F4F Shades Mix
DarkTurquoise #00CED1 Shades Mix
DarkViolet #9400D3 Shades Mix
DeepPink #FF1493 Shades Mix
DeepSkyBlue #00BFFF Shades Mix
DimGray #696969 Shades Mix
DimGrey #696969 Shades Mix
DodgerBlue #1E90FF Shades Mix
FireBrick #B22222 Shades Mix
FloralWhite #FFFAF0 Shades Mix
ForestGreen #228B22 Shades Mix
Fuchsia #FF00FF Shades Mix
Gainsboro #DCDCDC Shades Mix
GhostWhite #F8F8FF Shades Mix
Gold #FFD700 Shades Mix
GoldenRod #DAA520 Shades Mix
Gray #808080 Shades Mix
Grey #808080 Shades Mix
Green #008000 Shades Mix
GreenYellow #ADFF2F Shades Mix
HoneyDew #F0FFF0 Shades Mix
HotPink #FF69B4 Shades Mix
IndianRed #CD5C5C Shades Mix
Indigo #4B0082 Shades Mix
Ivory #FFFFF0 Shades Mix
Khaki #F0E68C Shades Mix
Lavender #E6E6FA Shades Mix
LavenderBlush #FFF0F5 Shades Mix
LawnGreen #7CFC00 Shades Mix
LemonChiffon #FFFACD Shades Mix
LightBlue #ADD8E6 Shades Mix
LightCoral #F08080 Shades Mix
LightCyan #E0FFFF Shades Mix
LightGoldenRodYellow #FAFAD2 Shades Mix
LightGray #D3D3D3 Shades Mix
LightGrey #D3D3D3 Shades Mix
LightGreen #90EE90 Shades Mix
LightPink #FFB6C1 Shades Mix
LightSalmon #FFA07A Shades Mix
LightSeaGreen #20B2AA Shades Mix
LightSkyBlue #87CEFA Shades Mix
LightSlateGray #778899 Shades Mix
LightSlateGrey #778899 Shades Mix
LightSteelBlue #B0C4DE Shades Mix
LightYellow #FFFFE0 Shades Mix
Lime #00FF00 Shades Mix
LimeGreen #32CD32 Shades Mix
Linen #FAF0E6 Shades Mix
Magenta #FF00FF Shades Mix
Maroon #800000 Shades Mix
MediumAquaMarine #66CDAA Shades Mix
MediumBlue #0000CD Shades Mix
MediumOrchid #BA55D3 Shades Mix
MediumPurple #9370D8 Shades Mix
MediumSeaGreen #3CB371 Shades Mix
MediumSlateBlue #7B68EE Shades Mix
MediumSpringGreen #00FA9A Shades Mix
MediumTurquoise #48D1CC Shades Mix
MediumVioletRed #C71585 Shades Mix
MidnightBlue #191970 Shades Mix
MintCream #F5FFFA Shades Mix
MistyRose #FFE4E1 Shades Mix
Moccasin #FFE4B5 Shades Mix
NavajoWhite #FFDEAD Shades Mix
Navy #000080 Shades Mix
OldLace #FDF5E6 Shades Mix
Olive #808000 Shades Mix
OliveDrab #6B8E23 Shades Mix
Orange #FFA500 Shades Mix
OrangeRed #FF4500 Shades Mix
Orchid #DA70D6 Shades Mix
PaleGoldenRod #EEE8AA Shades Mix
PaleGreen #98FB98 Shades Mix
PaleTurquoise #AFEEEE Shades Mix
PaleVioletRed #D87093 Shades Mix
PapayaWhip #FFEFD5 Shades Mix
PeachPuff #FFDAB9 Shades Mix
Peru #CD853F Shades Mix
Pink #FFC0CB Shades Mix
Plum #DDA0DD Shades Mix
PowderBlue #B0E0E6 Shades Mix
Purple #800080 Shades Mix
Red #FF0000 Shades Mix
RosyBrown #BC8F8F Shades Mix
RoyalBlue #4169E1 Shades Mix
SaddleBrown #8B4513 Shades Mix
Salmon #FA8072 Shades Mix
SandyBrown #F4A460 Shades Mix
SeaGreen #2E8B57 Shades Mix
SeaShell #FFF5EE Shades Mix
Sienna #A0522D Shades Mix
Silver #C0C0C0 Shades Mix
SkyBlue #87CEEB Shades Mix
SlateBlue #6A5ACD Shades Mix
SlateGray #708090 Shades Mix
SlateGrey #708090 Shades Mix
Snow #FFFAFA Shades Mix
SpringGreen #00FF7F Shades Mix
SteelBlue #4682B4 Shades Mix
Tan #D2B48C Shades Mix
Teal #008080 Shades Mix
Thistle #D8BFD8 Shades Mix
Tomato #FF6347 Shades Mix
Turquoise #40E0D0 Shades Mix
Violet #EE82EE Shades Mix
Wheat #F5DEB3 Shades Mix
White #FFFFFF Shades Mix
WhiteSmoke #F5F5F5 Shades Mix
Yellow #FFFF00 Shades Mix
YellowGreen #9ACD32 Shades Mix
147 color names are defined in the HTML and CSS color specification (17 standard colors plus 130 more). The table below lists them all, along with their hexadecimal values.
Tip: The 17 standard colors are: aqua, black, blue, fuchsia, gray, grey, green, lime, maroon, navy, olive, purple, red, silver, teal, white, and yellow.
Click on a color name (or a hex value) to view the color as the background-color along with different text colors:
Color Name HEX Color Shades Mix
AliceBlue #F0F8FF Shades Mix
AntiqueWhite #FAEBD7 Shades Mix
Aqua #00FFFF Shades Mix
Aquamarine #7FFFD4 Shades Mix
Azure #F0FFFF Shades Mix
Beige #F5F5DC Shades Mix
Bisque #FFE4C4 Shades Mix
Black #000000 Shades Mix
BlanchedAlmond #FFEBCD Shades Mix
Blue #0000FF Shades Mix
BlueViolet #8A2BE2 Shades Mix
Brown #A52A2A Shades Mix
BurlyWood #DEB887 Shades Mix
CadetBlue #5F9EA0 Shades Mix
Chartreuse #7FFF00 Shades Mix
Chocolate #D2691E Shades Mix
Coral #FF7F50 Shades Mix
CornflowerBlue #6495ED Shades Mix
Cornsilk #FFF8DC Shades Mix
Crimson #DC143C Shades Mix
Cyan #00FFFF Shades Mix
DarkBlue #00008B Shades Mix
DarkCyan #008B8B Shades Mix
DarkGoldenRod #B8860B Shades Mix
DarkGray #A9A9A9 Shades Mix
DarkGrey #A9A9A9 Shades Mix
DarkGreen #006400 Shades Mix
DarkKhaki #BDB76B Shades Mix
DarkMagenta #8B008B Shades Mix
DarkOliveGreen #556B2F Shades Mix
Darkorange #FF8C00 Shades Mix
DarkOrchid #9932CC Shades Mix
DarkRed #8B0000 Shades Mix
DarkSalmon #E9967A Shades Mix
DarkSeaGreen #8FBC8F Shades Mix
DarkSlateBlue #483D8B Shades Mix
DarkSlateGray #2F4F4F Shades Mix
DarkSlateGrey #2F4F4F Shades Mix
DarkTurquoise #00CED1 Shades Mix
DarkViolet #9400D3 Shades Mix
DeepPink #FF1493 Shades Mix
DeepSkyBlue #00BFFF Shades Mix
DimGray #696969 Shades Mix
DimGrey #696969 Shades Mix
DodgerBlue #1E90FF Shades Mix
FireBrick #B22222 Shades Mix
FloralWhite #FFFAF0 Shades Mix
ForestGreen #228B22 Shades Mix
Fuchsia #FF00FF Shades Mix
Gainsboro #DCDCDC Shades Mix
GhostWhite #F8F8FF Shades Mix
Gold #FFD700 Shades Mix
GoldenRod #DAA520 Shades Mix
Gray #808080 Shades Mix
Grey #808080 Shades Mix
Green #008000 Shades Mix
GreenYellow #ADFF2F Shades Mix
HoneyDew #F0FFF0 Shades Mix
HotPink #FF69B4 Shades Mix
IndianRed #CD5C5C Shades Mix
Indigo #4B0082 Shades Mix
Ivory #FFFFF0 Shades Mix
Khaki #F0E68C Shades Mix
Lavender #E6E6FA Shades Mix
LavenderBlush #FFF0F5 Shades Mix
LawnGreen #7CFC00 Shades Mix
LemonChiffon #FFFACD Shades Mix
LightBlue #ADD8E6 Shades Mix
LightCoral #F08080 Shades Mix
LightCyan #E0FFFF Shades Mix
LightGoldenRodYellow #FAFAD2 Shades Mix
LightGray #D3D3D3 Shades Mix
LightGrey #D3D3D3 Shades Mix
LightGreen #90EE90 Shades Mix
LightPink #FFB6C1 Shades Mix
LightSalmon #FFA07A Shades Mix
LightSeaGreen #20B2AA Shades Mix
LightSkyBlue #87CEFA Shades Mix
LightSlateGray #778899 Shades Mix
LightSlateGrey #778899 Shades Mix
LightSteelBlue #B0C4DE Shades Mix
LightYellow #FFFFE0 Shades Mix
Lime #00FF00 Shades Mix
LimeGreen #32CD32 Shades Mix
Linen #FAF0E6 Shades Mix
Magenta #FF00FF Shades Mix
Maroon #800000 Shades Mix
MediumAquaMarine #66CDAA Shades Mix
MediumBlue #0000CD Shades Mix
MediumOrchid #BA55D3 Shades Mix
MediumPurple #9370D8 Shades Mix
MediumSeaGreen #3CB371 Shades Mix
MediumSlateBlue #7B68EE Shades Mix
MediumSpringGreen #00FA9A Shades Mix
MediumTurquoise #48D1CC Shades Mix
MediumVioletRed #C71585 Shades Mix
MidnightBlue #191970 Shades Mix
MintCream #F5FFFA Shades Mix
MistyRose #FFE4E1 Shades Mix
Moccasin #FFE4B5 Shades Mix
NavajoWhite #FFDEAD Shades Mix
Navy #000080 Shades Mix
OldLace #FDF5E6 Shades Mix
Olive #808000 Shades Mix
OliveDrab #6B8E23 Shades Mix
Orange #FFA500 Shades Mix
OrangeRed #FF4500 Shades Mix
Orchid #DA70D6 Shades Mix
PaleGoldenRod #EEE8AA Shades Mix
PaleGreen #98FB98 Shades Mix
PaleTurquoise #AFEEEE Shades Mix
PaleVioletRed #D87093 Shades Mix
PapayaWhip #FFEFD5 Shades Mix
PeachPuff #FFDAB9 Shades Mix
Peru #CD853F Shades Mix
Pink #FFC0CB Shades Mix
Plum #DDA0DD Shades Mix
PowderBlue #B0E0E6 Shades Mix
Purple #800080 Shades Mix
Red #FF0000 Shades Mix
RosyBrown #BC8F8F Shades Mix
RoyalBlue #4169E1 Shades Mix
SaddleBrown #8B4513 Shades Mix
Salmon #FA8072 Shades Mix
SandyBrown #F4A460 Shades Mix
SeaGreen #2E8B57 Shades Mix
SeaShell #FFF5EE Shades Mix
Sienna #A0522D Shades Mix
Silver #C0C0C0 Shades Mix
SkyBlue #87CEEB Shades Mix
SlateBlue #6A5ACD Shades Mix
SlateGray #708090 Shades Mix
SlateGrey #708090 Shades Mix
Snow #FFFAFA Shades Mix
SpringGreen #00FF7F Shades Mix
SteelBlue #4682B4 Shades Mix
Tan #D2B48C Shades Mix
Teal #008080 Shades Mix
Thistle #D8BFD8 Shades Mix
Tomato #FF6347 Shades Mix
Turquoise #40E0D0 Shades Mix
Violet #EE82EE Shades Mix
Wheat #F5DEB3 Shades Mix
White #FFFFFF Shades Mix
WhiteSmoke #F5F5F5 Shades Mix
Yellow #FFFF00 Shades Mix
YellowGreen #9ACD32 Shades Mix
HTML Basic - 4 Examples
TML - Getting Started
« Previous Next Chapter »
What You Need
You don't need any tools to learn HTML at W3Schools.
You don't need an HTML editor
You don't need a web server
You don't need a web site
Editing HTML
HTML can be written and edited using many different editors like Dreamweaver and Visual Studio.
However, in this tutorial we use a plain text editor (like Notepad) to edit HTML. We believe using a plain text editor is the best way to learn HTML.
Create Your Own Test Web
If you just want to learn HTML, skip the rest of this chapter.
If you want to create a test page on your own computer, just copy the 3 files below to your desktop.
(Right click on each link, and select "save target as" or "save link as")
mainpage.htm
page1.htm
page2.htm
After you have copied the files, you can double-click on the file called "mainpage.htm" and see your first web site in action.
Use Your Test Web For Learning
We suggest you experiment with everything you learn at W3Schools by editing your web files with a text editor (like Notepad).
Note: If your test web contains HTML markup tags you have not learned, don't panic. You will learn all about it in the next chapters.
.HTM or .HTML File Extension?
When you save an HTML file, you can use either the .htm or the .html file extension. There is no difference, it is entirely up to you.
« Previous Next Chapter »
Altova® XMLSpy® - The industry's leading XML editor!
« Previous Next Chapter »
What You Need
You don't need any tools to learn HTML at W3Schools.
You don't need an HTML editor
You don't need a web server
You don't need a web site
Editing HTML
HTML can be written and edited using many different editors like Dreamweaver and Visual Studio.
However, in this tutorial we use a plain text editor (like Notepad) to edit HTML. We believe using a plain text editor is the best way to learn HTML.
Create Your Own Test Web
If you just want to learn HTML, skip the rest of this chapter.
If you want to create a test page on your own computer, just copy the 3 files below to your desktop.
(Right click on each link, and select "save target as" or "save link as")
mainpage.htm
page1.htm
page2.htm
After you have copied the files, you can double-click on the file called "mainpage.htm" and see your first web site in action.
Use Your Test Web For Learning
We suggest you experiment with everything you learn at W3Schools by editing your web files with a text editor (like Notepad).
Note: If your test web contains HTML markup tags you have not learned, don't panic. You will learn all about it in the next chapters.
.HTM or .HTML File Extension?
When you save an HTML file, you can use either the .htm or the .html file extension. There is no difference, it is entirely up to you.
« Previous Next Chapter »
Altova® XMLSpy® - The industry's leading XML editor!
HTML - Getting Started
HTML - Getting Started
« Previous Next Chapter »
What You Need
You don't need any tools to learn HTML at W3Schools.
You don't need an HTML editor
You don't need a web server
You don't need a web site
Editing HTML
HTML can be written and edited using many different editors like Dreamweaver and Visual Studio.
However, in this tutorial we use a plain text editor (like Notepad) to edit HTML. We believe using a plain text editor is the best way to learn HTML.
Create Your Own Test Web
If you just want to learn HTML, skip the rest of this chapter.
If you want to create a test page on your own computer, just copy the 3 files below to your desktop.
(Right click on each link, and select "save target as" or "save link as")
mainpage.htm
page1.htm
page2.htm
After you have copied the files, you can double-click on the file called "mainpage.htm" and see your first web site in action.
Use Your Test Web For Learning
We suggest you experiment with everything you learn at W3Schools by editing your web files with a text editor (like Notepad).
Note: If your test web contains HTML markup tags you have not learned, don't panic. You will learn all about it in the next chapters.
.HTM or .HTML File Extension?
When you save an HTML file, you can use either the .htm or the .html file extension. There is no difference, it is entirely up to you.
« Previous Next Chapter »
Free Online Website Builder - No Downloading Needed
Create a free Flash website with our simple, online web design editing platform. Stunning templates and user-friendly tools make website building easy and fun.
Start Creating your free website now!
Altova® MapForce®
Graphical XML Conversion Tool from the Developers of XMLSpy®
Need an easy way to get data into XML, or transform XML to another format? MapForce lets you map XML data to/from any combination of XML, database, flat file, Excel 2007, XBRL, or Web services data. Then it transforms data instantly or auto-generates royalty-free code for recurrent conversions. New features in Version 2011!
Easy-to-use, graphical data mapping interface
Instant data transformation
XSLT 1.0/2.0 and XQuery code generation
Java, C#, and C++ code generation
Advanced data processing functions
Support for all major relational databases including SQL Server, IBM DB2, Oracle, and more
Integration with Altova StyleVision for report rendering
Visual Studio & Eclipse integration
Available in 32-bit and 64-bit versions
Download a fully-functional trial today!
« Previous Next Chapter »
What You Need
You don't need any tools to learn HTML at W3Schools.
You don't need an HTML editor
You don't need a web server
You don't need a web site
Editing HTML
HTML can be written and edited using many different editors like Dreamweaver and Visual Studio.
However, in this tutorial we use a plain text editor (like Notepad) to edit HTML. We believe using a plain text editor is the best way to learn HTML.
Create Your Own Test Web
If you just want to learn HTML, skip the rest of this chapter.
If you want to create a test page on your own computer, just copy the 3 files below to your desktop.
(Right click on each link, and select "save target as" or "save link as")
mainpage.htm
page1.htm
page2.htm
After you have copied the files, you can double-click on the file called "mainpage.htm" and see your first web site in action.
Use Your Test Web For Learning
We suggest you experiment with everything you learn at W3Schools by editing your web files with a text editor (like Notepad).
Note: If your test web contains HTML markup tags you have not learned, don't panic. You will learn all about it in the next chapters.
.HTM or .HTML File Extension?
When you save an HTML file, you can use either the .htm or the .html file extension. There is no difference, it is entirely up to you.
« Previous Next Chapter »
Free Online Website Builder - No Downloading Needed
Create a free Flash website with our simple, online web design editing platform. Stunning templates and user-friendly tools make website building easy and fun.
Start Creating your free website now!
Altova® MapForce®
Graphical XML Conversion Tool from the Developers of XMLSpy®
Need an easy way to get data into XML, or transform XML to another format? MapForce lets you map XML data to/from any combination of XML, database, flat file, Excel 2007, XBRL, or Web services data. Then it transforms data instantly or auto-generates royalty-free code for recurrent conversions. New features in Version 2011!
Easy-to-use, graphical data mapping interface
Instant data transformation
XSLT 1.0/2.0 and XQuery code generation
Java, C#, and C++ code generation
Advanced data processing functions
Support for all major relational databases including SQL Server, IBM DB2, Oracle, and more
Integration with Altova StyleVision for report rendering
Visual Studio & Eclipse integration
Available in 32-bit and 64-bit versions
Download a fully-functional trial today!
Oracle Applications
Oracle Applications
E-Business Suite
Applications Releases 11i and 12
Oracle Workforce Scheduling
PeopleSoft Enterprise
PeopleSoft Enterprise
Archive PeopleSoft Enterprise
JD Edwards EnterpriseOne
JD Edwards EnterpriseOne
Archive JD Edwards EnterpriseOne
Oracle Application Integration Architecture Process Integration Packs
AIA Process Integration Packs
Oracle Communications
Oracle Communications
Oracle Enterprise Taxation and Policy Management
Oracle Enterprise Taxation and Policy Management
Oracle Insurance
Oracle Insurance
Oracle Retail
Oracle Retail
Oracle Utilities
Oracle Utilities
Oracle Pedigree and Serialization Manager
Oracle Pedigree and Serialization Manager
Primavera Applications
Primavera P6 Enterprise Project Portfolio Management
Primavera P6 Professional Project Management
Primavera Contract Management
Primavera Portfolio Management
Other Primavera Applications
Siebel Applications
Siebel Business Applications
Siebel System Requirements and Supported Platforms
Siebel Retail Finance
Oracle CRM On Demand
Oracle Contact Center Anywhere
Oracle Contact On Demand
Siebel Integrations
Oracle Self-Service E-Billing Applications
Other Siebel
Oracle Governance, Risk, and Compliance
Governance Risk and Compliance Applications Suite
Governance Risk and Compliance Accelerators for Risk & Fraud
Oracle Demantra
Oracle Demantra
Oracle Health Sciences
Oracle Health Sciences
Oracle Policy Automation
Oracle Policy Automation
Oracle User Productivity Kit
Oracle User Productivity Kit (UPK/UPK Professional)
Other Applications
Oracle Agile
Oracle Agile eSeries
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Oracle Social CRM Applications
Oracle Transportation Management (OTM)
Servers, Systems Management, Workstations, and Related Hardware
Oracle SPARC Enterprise Servers
Oracle x86 Servers
Oracle Blade Systems
Oracle NEBS-certified Systems
Oracle Networking and Security Hardware
Systems Management and Diagnostics
Oracle System Options
Oracle Peripherals for Servers and Workstations
Legacy Sun Workstations
Storage
Tape Storage
Disk Storage and Unified Storage Systems
Switches and Directors
Oracle Storage Networking: Host Bus Adapters
Storage Expansion Arrays
Storage Software
Systems Software
Oracle Solaris 11
Solaris 10
Legacy Solaris Releases
Oracle Solaris Cluster 3.3
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Legacy Sun Cluster Releases
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Legacy Sun Studio Releases
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Networking
Office Productivity
Desktop
Enterprise Management
Oracle Enterprise Manager 11g Release 1 (11.1)
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Oracle Enterprise Manager 10g Release 1 (10.1)
Oracle Enterprise Manager Release 2 (9.2)
Oracle Enterprise Manager (Rel. 9.0.2 & 9.0.1)
Oracle Real User Experience Insight
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Virtualization
Oracle VM
Oracle VM for SPARC
Oracle Secure Global Desktop
SunRay Products
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Secure Enterprise Search
Oracle Secure Enterprise Search
Technologies / Utilities
BLAF
Oracle Configuration Manager
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On Demand
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Oracle8i Database
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Oracle7 Release 7.3.4
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Release 2.x
Release 1.x
Oracle Gateways
Oracle Rdb
Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence
Oracle Reports
Oracle Darwin
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Oracle Collaboration Suite 10g Release 1
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Oracle Collaboration Suite Release 1
Middleware
Legacy BEA Product Documentation
Oracle Application Server
Oracle Forms Services
Oracle Forms 6i
Oracle Forms Archive
Oracle Portal
Oracle9iAS Portal Center
Oracle9iAS Clickstream Intelligence
Oracle9iAS Personalization
Oracle Internet File System
Oracle Unified Messaging
Oracle Internet Directory
Oracle eMail Server
Oracle8i and 9iAS Appliance
Development Tools
Oracle Forms Developer
Oracle Reports
Oracle9i Internet Developer Suite Release 1.0.2.4.1
Legacy Sun Products
Legacy Sun APIs and Libraries
Legacy Sun Blade Systems
Legacy Sun Cabinets and Racks
Legacy Sun Collaboration & Communication
Legacy Sun Enterprise Computing
Legacy Sun GlassFish Communications Server
Legacy Sun GlassFish Server and Application Server
Legacy Sun GlassFish Message Queue
Legacy Sun GlassFish Enterprise Service Bus
Legacy Sun Host Bus Adapters
Legacy Sun Identity Management
Legacy Sun iPlanet
Legacy Sun Java CAPS
Legacy Sun NEBS-Certified Systems
Legacy SunNetra High
E-Business Suite
Applications Releases 11i and 12
Oracle Workforce Scheduling
PeopleSoft Enterprise
PeopleSoft Enterprise
Archive PeopleSoft Enterprise
JD Edwards EnterpriseOne
JD Edwards EnterpriseOne
Archive JD Edwards EnterpriseOne
Oracle Application Integration Architecture Process Integration Packs
AIA Process Integration Packs
Oracle Communications
Oracle Communications
Oracle Enterprise Taxation and Policy Management
Oracle Enterprise Taxation and Policy Management
Oracle Insurance
Oracle Insurance
Oracle Retail
Oracle Retail
Oracle Utilities
Oracle Utilities
Oracle Pedigree and Serialization Manager
Oracle Pedigree and Serialization Manager
Primavera Applications
Primavera P6 Enterprise Project Portfolio Management
Primavera P6 Professional Project Management
Primavera Contract Management
Primavera Portfolio Management
Other Primavera Applications
Siebel Applications
Siebel Business Applications
Siebel System Requirements and Supported Platforms
Siebel Retail Finance
Oracle CRM On Demand
Oracle Contact Center Anywhere
Oracle Contact On Demand
Siebel Integrations
Oracle Self-Service E-Billing Applications
Other Siebel
Oracle Governance, Risk, and Compliance
Governance Risk and Compliance Applications Suite
Governance Risk and Compliance Accelerators for Risk & Fraud
Oracle Demantra
Oracle Demantra
Oracle Health Sciences
Oracle Health Sciences
Oracle Policy Automation
Oracle Policy Automation
Oracle User Productivity Kit
Oracle User Productivity Kit (UPK/UPK Professional)
Other Applications
Oracle Agile
Oracle Agile eSeries
Oracle AutoVue
Oracle Social CRM Applications
Oracle Transportation Management (OTM)
Servers, Systems Management, Workstations, and Related Hardware
Oracle SPARC Enterprise Servers
Oracle x86 Servers
Oracle Blade Systems
Oracle NEBS-certified Systems
Oracle Networking and Security Hardware
Systems Management and Diagnostics
Oracle System Options
Oracle Peripherals for Servers and Workstations
Legacy Sun Workstations
Storage
Tape Storage
Disk Storage and Unified Storage Systems
Switches and Directors
Oracle Storage Networking: Host Bus Adapters
Storage Expansion Arrays
Storage Software
Systems Software
Oracle Solaris 11
Solaris 10
Legacy Solaris Releases
Oracle Solaris Cluster 3.3
Solaris Cluster 3.2
Legacy Sun Cluster Releases
Oracle Solaris Studio 12 (12.0, 12.1 & 12.2)
Sun Studio 11
Legacy Sun Studio Releases
Oracle Message Passing Toolkit
Networking
Office Productivity
Desktop
Enterprise Management
Oracle Enterprise Manager 11g Release 1 (11.1)
Oracle Enterprise Manager Ops Center 11g (Release 11.1)
Oracle Enterprise Manager 10g Release 5 (10.2)
Oracle Enterprise Manager 10g Release 1 (10.1)
Oracle Enterprise Manager Release 2 (9.2)
Oracle Enterprise Manager (Rel. 9.0.2 & 9.0.1)
Oracle Real User Experience Insight
Oracle Composite Application Monitor and Modeler
Virtualization
Oracle VM
Oracle VM for SPARC
Oracle Secure Global Desktop
SunRay Products
Oracle Virtual Desktop Infrastructure
Secure Enterprise Search
Oracle Secure Enterprise Search
Technologies / Utilities
BLAF
Oracle Configuration Manager
Oracle Help Technologies
Oracle JSP Engine
Oracle Migration Tools
Oracle ODBC Drivers
On Demand
Oracle E-Business Suite On Demand
Oracle Technology On Demand
Previously Released Oracle Documentation
Database
Oracle8i Database
Oracle8i Database Release 8.1.7
Oracle8i Database Release 8.1.6
Oracle8i Database Release 8.1.5
Oracle8 Database
Oracle8 Database Release 8.0.6
Oracle8 Database Release 8.0.5
Oracle8 Database Release 8.0.4
Oracle7 Release 7.3.4
Oracle Enterprise Manager and Management Packs
Release 2.x
Release 1.x
Oracle Gateways
Oracle Rdb
Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence
Oracle Reports
Oracle Darwin
Oracle Collaboration Suite
Oracle Collaboration Suite 10g Release 1
Oracle Collaboration Suite Release 2
Oracle Collaboration Suite Release 1
Middleware
Legacy BEA Product Documentation
Oracle Application Server
Oracle Forms Services
Oracle Forms 6i
Oracle Forms Archive
Oracle Portal
Oracle9iAS Portal Center
Oracle9iAS Clickstream Intelligence
Oracle9iAS Personalization
Oracle Internet File System
Oracle Unified Messaging
Oracle Internet Directory
Oracle eMail Server
Oracle8i and 9iAS Appliance
Development Tools
Oracle Forms Developer
Oracle Reports
Oracle9i Internet Developer Suite Release 1.0.2.4.1
Legacy Sun Products
Legacy Sun APIs and Libraries
Legacy Sun Blade Systems
Legacy Sun Cabinets and Racks
Legacy Sun Collaboration & Communication
Legacy Sun Enterprise Computing
Legacy Sun GlassFish Communications Server
Legacy Sun GlassFish Server and Application Server
Legacy Sun GlassFish Message Queue
Legacy Sun GlassFish Enterprise Service Bus
Legacy Sun Host Bus Adapters
Legacy Sun Identity Management
Legacy Sun iPlanet
Legacy Sun Java CAPS
Legacy Sun NEBS-Certified Systems
Legacy SunNetra High
Oracle Fusion Middleware
Current Release: Oracle Fusion Middleware 11g R1 (11.1.1.4)
AIA Foundation Pack
Application Development Framework (ADF)
Application Server
Beehive
B2B Integrations
Business Activity Monitoring (BAM)
Business Integration
Business Intelligence (BI)
BI Beans
BI Discoverer
BI Publisher
BPEL Process Manager
Business Process Analysis Suite
Business Process Management
Business Rules
Coherence Suite
Collaboration Suite
Communications Converged Application Server
Communications Presence
Complex Event Processing
Data Integration
Designer
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Enterprise Connectivity (Adapters)
Enterprise Content Management
Enterprise Manager
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Enterprise Pack for Eclipse
Enterprise Performance Management (Hyperion)
Enterprise Repository
Event Driven Architecture
Express Objects
Express Server
Express Web Agent
Financial Analyzer
Forms Services
Glassfish Server
GoldenGate
Identity Management
iPlanet Web Proxy Server
iPlanet Web Server
JDeveloper
JRockit
MapViewer
NetBeans
OLAP
On Track
Outside In Technology
Portal
Product Data Quality
Real-Time Decisions Applications
Real-Time Decisions Platform
Reports Services
Retail Data Model
Service Bus
SOA Governance
SOA Suite
Toplink
Tuxedo
User Productivity Kit (UPK)
Virtual Assembly Builder
Warehouse Builder
Web Services Manager
Web Tier
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WebCenter Interaction
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WebCenter Suite
WebLogic Communication Services (OWLCS)
WebLogic Integration
WebLogic Portal
WebLogic Server
WebLogic Server on JRockit Virtual Edition
AIA Foundation Pack
Application Development Framework (ADF)
Application Server
Beehive
B2B Integrations
Business Activity Monitoring (BAM)
Business Integration
Business Intelligence (BI)
BI Beans
BI Discoverer
BI Publisher
BPEL Process Manager
Business Process Analysis Suite
Business Process Management
Business Rules
Coherence Suite
Collaboration Suite
Communications Converged Application Server
Communications Presence
Complex Event Processing
Data Integration
Designer
Developer Tools
Enterprise Connectivity (Adapters)
Enterprise Content Management
Enterprise Manager
Enterprise Messaging Service
Enterprise Pack for Eclipse
Enterprise Performance Management (Hyperion)
Enterprise Repository
Event Driven Architecture
Express Objects
Express Server
Express Web Agent
Financial Analyzer
Forms Services
Glassfish Server
GoldenGate
Identity Management
iPlanet Web Proxy Server
iPlanet Web Server
JDeveloper
JRockit
MapViewer
NetBeans
OLAP
On Track
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This page contains links to the most current documentation for Oracle products, including the former Sun products. (Use this handy cheat sheet to find where Sun docs have moved.)
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This page contains links to the most current documentation for Oracle products, including the former Sun products. (Use this handy cheat sheet to find where Sun docs have moved.)
Oracle Database Oracle Enterprise Manager
Oracle Fusion Middleware Virtualization
Java Secure Enterprise Search
Oracle Applications Technologies and Utilities
Systems Software On Demand
Storage Previously Released Oracle Documentation
Servers, Systems Management, Workstations, and Related Hardware Legacy Sun Products
JavaTM Deployment Guide
JavaTM Deployment Guide
Note: This Java deployment guide describes features released prior to Java SE 6u10.
See Java Rich Internet Applications Deployment Advice document for deployment changes introduced in Java SE 6u10.
See Java Runtime Environment Installation document for information on the new Java Kernel installer, Java Runtime Environment installation and update.
Java Deployment Overview
Overview
Installation
Automatic Download
Deployment with Active Directory
Deployment
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Security
Security
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Java Update
Appendices
Appendix 1: Windows Online Installation and Java Update FAQ
Appendix 2: Sun-Supported Specification-Version and Implemenation-Version Formats
Appendix 3: Applet Tag
Appendix 4: Applet Caching
Appendix 5: Applet Compatibility Issues
Appendix 6: Java Upgrade: Upgrading from the Microsoft VM to the Sun Java Virtual Machine
Appendix 7: Java Upgrade: System-Wide Repository
Note: This Java deployment guide describes features released prior to Java SE 6u10.
See Java Rich Internet Applications Deployment Advice document for deployment changes introduced in Java SE 6u10.
See Java Runtime Environment Installation document for information on the new Java Kernel installer, Java Runtime Environment installation and update.
Java Deployment Overview
Overview
Installation
Automatic Download
Deployment with Active Directory
Deployment
Java Plug-in
Java Web Start
Security
Security
JAR Signing
JAR Signing with Timestamp
Browser Keystores
Networking
Proxy Configuration
Cookie Support
Pack200 and Compression
Configuration
Deployment Configuration File and Properties
Java Control Panel
Debugging
Java Console
Tracing and Logging
Update
Java Update
Appendices
Appendix 1: Windows Online Installation and Java Update FAQ
Appendix 2: Sun-Supported Specification-Version and Implemenation-Version Formats
Appendix 3: Applet Tag
Appendix 4: Applet Caching
Appendix 5: Applet Compatibility Issues
Appendix 6: Java Upgrade: Upgrading from the Microsoft VM to the Sun Java Virtual Machine
Appendix 7: Java Upgrade: System-Wide Repository
Java Help Center
Java Help Center
Welcome to the Java.com Help Center, which describes solutions for issues you might encounter when downloading and installing Java on your system. Each month, consumers request millions of Java downloads from our site.
As users install Java for diverse third-party applications and applets across different platforms, we track the most frequently reported issues and error codes that they send us. Find their corresponding answers and line-by-line technical instructions by using the Help Resources and FAQs menu. You can also narrow your search further by selecting the Platform and Java Version filter options with the drop-down menus.
Top 15 Java Issues
This section is updated frequently, and offers links to our most requested information about installing, and using Java as well as most viewed FAQs.
Error: The wizard was interrupted before Java(TM) 6 update could be completely installed.
Error: Old file not found
Error 1723. There is a problem with this Windows installer package
How do I resolve problems running Pogo games?
Virus found in the Java cache directory
Download errors: 1305, 2755, 1606
What is Mcafee security scan?
Which version of Java should I download for my Windows 64-bit operating system?
Why upgrade to Java 6?
Can Java downloads be infected with a virus?
Why should I remove older versions of Java from my system?
Error 1721: There is a problem with this Windows Installer Package
What is JavaScript and how is it different from Java Technology?
How do I test whether Java is working on my computer?
Java and Google Chrome Browser
» View All
Terminology: Java is the general term used to denote the software and its components, which include 'Java Runtime Environment' (JRE), and 'Java Virtual Machine' (JVM). When error messages specifically include terms such as JRE and JVM, we retain them.
Versions: The Help section contains information on three versions of Java.
Current Version Name Replaces Old Name Other Legacy Formats
Java 6
Java 6 Update x JRE 6.0
JRE 1.6 1.6.0_0x
Java 5
Java 5 Update x Java 2 SE 5
JRE 1.5 1.5.0_0x
Java 1.4 JRE 1.4
Welcome to the Java.com Help Center, which describes solutions for issues you might encounter when downloading and installing Java on your system. Each month, consumers request millions of Java downloads from our site.
As users install Java for diverse third-party applications and applets across different platforms, we track the most frequently reported issues and error codes that they send us. Find their corresponding answers and line-by-line technical instructions by using the Help Resources and FAQs menu. You can also narrow your search further by selecting the Platform and Java Version filter options with the drop-down menus.
Top 15 Java Issues
This section is updated frequently, and offers links to our most requested information about installing, and using Java as well as most viewed FAQs.
Error: The wizard was interrupted before Java(TM) 6 update could be completely installed.
Error: Old file not found
Error 1723. There is a problem with this Windows installer package
How do I resolve problems running Pogo games?
Virus found in the Java cache directory
Download errors: 1305, 2755, 1606
What is Mcafee security scan?
Which version of Java should I download for my Windows 64-bit operating system?
Why upgrade to Java 6?
Can Java downloads be infected with a virus?
Why should I remove older versions of Java from my system?
Error 1721: There is a problem with this Windows Installer Package
What is JavaScript and how is it different from Java Technology?
How do I test whether Java is working on my computer?
Java and Google Chrome Browser
» View All
Terminology: Java is the general term used to denote the software and its components, which include 'Java Runtime Environment' (JRE), and 'Java Virtual Machine' (JVM). When error messages specifically include terms such as JRE and JVM, we retain them.
Versions: The Help section contains information on three versions of Java.
Current Version Name Replaces Old Name Other Legacy Formats
Java 6
Java 6 Update x JRE 6.0
JRE 1.6 1.6.0_0x
Java 5
Java 5 Update x Java 2 SE 5
JRE 1.5 1.5.0_0x
Java 1.4 JRE 1.4
Java in Action
Java technology is everywhere! In lots of familiar places, and in many places that might surprise you. Check out these Java in Action stories to discover some of the amazing ways that Java technology is involved in your life.
How can started JAVA?
It's easy for both new and experienced programmers to get started.
Developers can refer to the Oracle Technology Network for Java Developers for everything you need to know about Java technology, including products, training, and downloads. You can also find useful information for those new to Java.
How do I get Java certification?
Earning an Oracle Java technology certification provides a clear demonstration of the technical skills, professional dedication and motivation for which employers are willing to pay a premium. Recognized industry-wide, Oracle's Java technology training and certification options help ensure that you have the necessary skills to efficiently meet the challenges of your IT organization.
» Learn more about Java Certification
Developers can refer to the Oracle Technology Network for Java Developers for everything you need to know about Java technology, including products, training, and downloads. You can also find useful information for those new to Java.
How do I get Java certification?
Earning an Oracle Java technology certification provides a clear demonstration of the technical skills, professional dedication and motivation for which employers are willing to pay a premium. Recognized industry-wide, Oracle's Java technology training and certification options help ensure that you have the necessary skills to efficiently meet the challenges of your IT organization.
» Learn more about Java Certification
JAVA DATA STRUCTURES
4.1.1 ThreeSum.java 3-sum problem
4.1.2 DoublingTest.java Validating a doubling hypothesis
4.2.1 TwentyQuestions.java Binary search (20 questions)
4.2.2 Gaussian.java Bisection search (function inversion)
4.2.3 BinarySearch.java Binary search (sorted array)
4.2.4 Insertion.java Insertion sort
4.2.5 InsertionTest.java Doubling test for insertion sort
4.2.6 Merge.java Mergesort
4.2.7 FrequencyCount.java Frequency counts
4.2.8 LRS.java Longest repeated substring
4.3.1 ArrayStackOfStrings.java Stack of strings (array)
4.3.2 LinkedStackOfStrings.java Stack of strings (linked list)
4.3.3 DoublingStackOfStrings.java Stack of strings (array doubling)
4.3.4 Stack.java Generic stack
4.3.5 Evaluate.java Expression evaluation
4.3.6 Queue.java Generic FIFO queue (linked list)
4.3.7 MD1Queue.java M/D/1 queue simulation
4.3.8 LoadBalance.java Load balancing simulation
4.4.1 Lookup.java Dictionary lookup
4.4.2 Index.java Indexing
4.4.3 BST.java BST symbol table
4.4.4 DeDup.java Dedup filter
4.5.1 Graph.java Graph data type
4.5.2 IndexGraph.java Using a graph to invert an index
4.5.3 PathFinder.java Shortest-paths client
4.5.4 PathFinder.java Shortest-paths implementation
4.5.5 SmallWorld.java Small-world test
4.1.2 DoublingTest.java Validating a doubling hypothesis
4.2.1 TwentyQuestions.java Binary search (20 questions)
4.2.2 Gaussian.java Bisection search (function inversion)
4.2.3 BinarySearch.java Binary search (sorted array)
4.2.4 Insertion.java Insertion sort
4.2.5 InsertionTest.java Doubling test for insertion sort
4.2.6 Merge.java Mergesort
4.2.7 FrequencyCount.java Frequency counts
4.2.8 LRS.java Longest repeated substring
4.3.1 ArrayStackOfStrings.java Stack of strings (array)
4.3.2 LinkedStackOfStrings.java Stack of strings (linked list)
4.3.3 DoublingStackOfStrings.java Stack of strings (array doubling)
4.3.4 Stack.java Generic stack
4.3.5 Evaluate.java Expression evaluation
4.3.6 Queue.java Generic FIFO queue (linked list)
4.3.7 MD1Queue.java M/D/1 queue simulation
4.3.8 LoadBalance.java Load balancing simulation
4.4.1 Lookup.java Dictionary lookup
4.4.2 Index.java Indexing
4.4.3 BST.java BST symbol table
4.4.4 DeDup.java Dedup filter
4.5.1 Graph.java Graph data type
4.5.2 IndexGraph.java Using a graph to invert an index
4.5.3 PathFinder.java Shortest-paths client
4.5.4 PathFinder.java Shortest-paths implementation
4.5.5 SmallWorld.java Small-world test
JAVA OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING
3.1.1 ChargeClient.java Charged particles
3.1.2 AlbersSquares.java Albers squares
3.1.3 Luminance.java Luminance library
3.1.4 Grayscale.java Converting color to grayscale
3.1.5 Scale.java Image scaling
3.1.6 Fade.java Fade effect
3.1.7 Potential.java Visualizing electric potential
3.1.8 GeneFind.java Finding genes in a genome
3.1.9 Cat.java Concatenating files
3.1.10 StockQuote.java Screen scraping for stock quotes
3.1.11 Split.java Splitting a file
3.2.1 Charge.java Charged-particle implementation
3.2.2 Stopwatch.java Stopwatch
3.2.3 Histogram.java Histogram
3.2.4 Turtle.java Turtle graphics
3.2.5 Spiral.java Spira mirabilis
3.2.6 Complex.java Complex numbers
3.2.7 Mandelbrot.java Mandelbrot set
3.2.8 StockAccount.java Stock account
3.3.1 Complex.java Complex numbers (revisited)
3.3.2 Counter.java Counter
3.3.3 Vector.java Spatial vectors
3.3.4 Document.java Document
3.3.5 CompareAll.java Similarity detection
3.4.1 Body.java Gravitational body
3.4.2 Universe.java N-body simulation
3.1.2 AlbersSquares.java Albers squares
3.1.3 Luminance.java Luminance library
3.1.4 Grayscale.java Converting color to grayscale
3.1.5 Scale.java Image scaling
3.1.6 Fade.java Fade effect
3.1.7 Potential.java Visualizing electric potential
3.1.8 GeneFind.java Finding genes in a genome
3.1.9 Cat.java Concatenating files
3.1.10 StockQuote.java Screen scraping for stock quotes
3.1.11 Split.java Splitting a file
3.2.1 Charge.java Charged-particle implementation
3.2.2 Stopwatch.java Stopwatch
3.2.3 Histogram.java Histogram
3.2.4 Turtle.java Turtle graphics
3.2.5 Spiral.java Spira mirabilis
3.2.6 Complex.java Complex numbers
3.2.7 Mandelbrot.java Mandelbrot set
3.2.8 StockAccount.java Stock account
3.3.1 Complex.java Complex numbers (revisited)
3.3.2 Counter.java Counter
3.3.3 Vector.java Spatial vectors
3.3.4 Document.java Document
3.3.5 CompareAll.java Similarity detection
3.4.1 Body.java Gravitational body
3.4.2 Universe.java N-body simulation
JAVA FUNCTIONS
.1.1 Newton.java Newton's method (revisited)
2.1.2 Gaussian.java Gaussian functions
2.1.3 Coupon.java Coupon collector (revisited)
2.1.4 PlayThatTune.java Play that Tune (revisited)
2.2.1 StdRandom.java Random number library
2.2.2 StdArrayIO.java Array I/O library
2.2.3 IFS.java Iterated function systems
2.2.4-5 StdStats.java Data analysis library
2.2.6 Bernoulli.java Bernoulli trials
2.3.1 Euclid.java Euclid's algorithm
2.3.2 TowersOfHanoi.java Towers of Hanoi
2.3.3 Beckett.java Gray code
2.3.4 Htree.java Recursive graphics
2.3.5 Brownian.java Brownian bridge
2.4.1 Percolation.java Percolation scaffolding
2.4.2 VerticalPercolation.java Vertical percolation
2.4.3 Visualize.java Visualization client
2.4.4 Estimate.java Percolation probability estimate
2.4.5 Percolation.java Percolation detection
2.4.6 PercPlot.java Adaptive plot client
2.1.2 Gaussian.java Gaussian functions
2.1.3 Coupon.java Coupon collector (revisited)
2.1.4 PlayThatTune.java Play that Tune (revisited)
2.2.1 StdRandom.java Random number library
2.2.2 StdArrayIO.java Array I/O library
2.2.3 IFS.java Iterated function systems
2.2.4-5 StdStats.java Data analysis library
2.2.6 Bernoulli.java Bernoulli trials
2.3.1 Euclid.java Euclid's algorithm
2.3.2 TowersOfHanoi.java Towers of Hanoi
2.3.3 Beckett.java Gray code
2.3.4 Htree.java Recursive graphics
2.3.5 Brownian.java Brownian bridge
2.4.1 Percolation.java Percolation scaffolding
2.4.2 VerticalPercolation.java Vertical percolation
2.4.3 Visualize.java Visualization client
2.4.4 Estimate.java Percolation probability estimate
2.4.5 Percolation.java Percolation detection
2.4.6 PercPlot.java Adaptive plot client
JAVA PROGRAMMING
1 ELEMENTS OF PROGRAMMING
1.1.1 HelloWorld.java Hello, World
1.1.2 UseArgument.java Using a command-line argument
1.2.1 Ruler.java String concatenation example
1.2.2 IntOps.java Integer multiplication and division
1.2.3 Quadratic.java Quadratic formula
1.2.4 LeapYear.java Leap year
1.2.5 RandomInt.java Casting to get a random integer
1.3.1 Flip.java Flippling a fair coin
1.3.2 EightHellos.java Your first while loop
1.3.3 PowersOfTwo.java Computing powers of two
1.3.4 DivisorPattern.java Your first nested loops
1.3.5 Harmonic.java Harmonic numbers
1.3.6 Sqrt.java Newton's method
1.3.7 Binary.java Converting to binary
1.3.8 Gambler.java Gambler's ruin simulation
1.3.9 Factors.java Factoring integers
1.4.1 Sample.java Sampling without replacement
1.4.2 CouponCollector.java Coupon collector simulation
1.4.3 PrimeSieve.java Sieve of Eratosthenes
1.4.4 SelfAvoidingWalk.java Self-avoiding random walks
1.5.1 RandomSeq.java Generating a random sequence
1.5.2 TwentyQuestions.java Interactive user input
1.5.3 Average.java Averaging a stream of numbers
1.5.4 RangeFilter.java A simple filter
1.5.5 PlotFilter.java Input-to-drawing filter
1.5.6 BouncingBall.java Bouncing ball
1.5.7 PlayThatTune.java Digital signal processing
1.6.1 Transition.java Computing the transition matrix
1.6.2 RandomSurfer.java Simulating a random surfer
1.6.3 Markov.java Mixing a Markov chain
2 FUNCTIONS
1.1.1 HelloWorld.java Hello, World
1.1.2 UseArgument.java Using a command-line argument
1.2.1 Ruler.java String concatenation example
1.2.2 IntOps.java Integer multiplication and division
1.2.3 Quadratic.java Quadratic formula
1.2.4 LeapYear.java Leap year
1.2.5 RandomInt.java Casting to get a random integer
1.3.1 Flip.java Flippling a fair coin
1.3.2 EightHellos.java Your first while loop
1.3.3 PowersOfTwo.java Computing powers of two
1.3.4 DivisorPattern.java Your first nested loops
1.3.5 Harmonic.java Harmonic numbers
1.3.6 Sqrt.java Newton's method
1.3.7 Binary.java Converting to binary
1.3.8 Gambler.java Gambler's ruin simulation
1.3.9 Factors.java Factoring integers
1.4.1 Sample.java Sampling without replacement
1.4.2 CouponCollector.java Coupon collector simulation
1.4.3 PrimeSieve.java Sieve of Eratosthenes
1.4.4 SelfAvoidingWalk.java Self-avoiding random walks
1.5.1 RandomSeq.java Generating a random sequence
1.5.2 TwentyQuestions.java Interactive user input
1.5.3 Average.java Averaging a stream of numbers
1.5.4 RangeFilter.java A simple filter
1.5.5 PlotFilter.java Input-to-drawing filter
1.5.6 BouncingBall.java Bouncing ball
1.5.7 PlayThatTune.java Digital signal processing
1.6.1 Transition.java Computing the transition matrix
1.6.2 RandomSurfer.java Simulating a random surfer
1.6.3 Markov.java Mixing a Markov chain
2 FUNCTIONS
Friday, April 8, 2011
Thursday, April 7, 2011
What is sex?
What is sex?
The word sex is used to refer to a variety of sexual activities, and can mean different things to different people. When people talk about sex (sexual intercourse) they are usually referring to penetrative sex, where a man inserts his penis into the vagina or anus of a sexual partner.
However, there are many sexual activities that people enjoy doing which don't involve sexual intercourse, for example oral sex or mutual masturbation.
The act of sex is also not just physical; it can involve strong emotions and have a significant effect on people's feelings.
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How do you have sex?
Sexual intercourse between a man and a woman is quite simple. When a man's penis becomes hard, he places it inside a woman's vagina, and moves it in and out. This creates friction, which can be pleasurable for both the man and woman. After a while, this friction will usually cause the man to have an orgasm and ejaculate. It may also cause the woman to have an orgasm, although it can take a bit of experimentation and practice to get it right!
You can have sex in lots of different positions, but one of the most common and intimate ways is for the man to lie on top of the woman, so that they can kiss and cuddle while having sex.
Anal sex (also known as anal intercourse) is when a man puts his penis into the anus and rectum of another man or woman.
You can find out more about anal and vaginal sex in our how to have sex page.
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What is safer sex?
Safer sex is taking precautions to reduce the risk of acquiring a sexually transmitted disease, including HIV, during sexual activities. It is wrong to assume this only applies to young people as STDs and HIV can affect anyone at any age.
To have safer sex it is important to either use a condom or to make sure you and your partner are not infected with an STD. Alternatively, as STDs and HIV can be transmitted through sexual fluids and blood, there is the option to perform sexual acts that do not involve any contact with these. Therefore safer sex can be non-penetrative sex and just foreplay.
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Where can I get condoms from?
It will depend on which country you are in, but the best place to buy condoms is usually a chemist or supermarket. Condoms are often available from vending machines in public toilets and in some countries they are available for free or at low-cost from sexual health clinics. Condoms can also be bought from a number of suppliers on the internet.
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Where is the G-spot and what is it?
The G-spot is a controversial term as some sex researchers dispute its existence. However most believe it is an area located behind the front wall of the vagina, between the back of the pubic bone and the cervix. When stimulated, it can produce intensely pleasurable feelings for the woman, and may cause her to have an orgasm.
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Where is the clitoris and what is it?
The clitoris is a small pea-sized lump towards the top of the vaginal area above the urethra (urine hole) and the entrance to the vagina. It is very sensitive and when stimulated can lead to orgasm. You can find it on AVERT's diagram of the female sex organs.
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Does a broken hymen mean that a girl is no longer a virgin?
Many people believe that a girl is only a virgin if she still has an intact hymen. The hymen is a thin membrane of skin that partially covers the entrance to the vagina. This membrane can bleed when it is torn as a man’s penis enters the vagina.
Neither the presence of the hymen nor bleeding during intercourse can truly indicate virginity. Some girls are born without hymens, others will have hymens that stretch and don’t break during sex, and some will have torn their hymens during sport, inserting tampons or masturbation.
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How do you masturbate?
Men usually masturbate by holding the penis and moving their hand up and down rapidly until they ejaculate ("come"). Women rub their clitoris and vulva and may move one or several fingers up and down inside their vagina until they orgasm. Everybody has their own way of masturbating that feels good for them.
Other websites have more about both male and female masturbation.
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Is too much masturbation bad for you?
Masturbation is a normal and natural activity and is not bad for you unless you masturbate so much that you make your genital area sore. Masturbation does not stunt your growth, damage your health or cause you to become physically or mentally weak. If it did, the vast majority of people in the world would be very short and unhealthy!
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How often do people have sex?
Sexual appetite is entirely a matter of personal taste. Some people have sex once a day and some once a month. It probably varies for most people depending on whether they are in a relationship, how busy they are and how they feel. Most people think about sex far more often than they do it.
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Is there a way of stopping premature ejaculation?
Many men find the best way to prevent premature ejaculation is to think about something dull to regain control over their time of ejaculation. When first starting a sexual relationship, some men find that the sexual excitement causes them to ejaculate before intercourse has even begun. With time most men learn how to control this. Wearing a condom can help as it can reduce sensitivity a little. Condoms containing a mild anaesthetic in the tip are also available in some countries to help further reduce sensation and delay ejaculation.
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Does sexual intercourse hurt? Is there a need for lubrication?
Sex can sometimes be painful for a woman if she is nervous or tense. Stress and fear can mean a woman does not get sexually excited enough to produce natural lubrication, or that she involuntarily tenses her vaginal muscles, making penetration difficult. Sex can also hurt the first time a woman does it as her hymen may be torn.
If sexual intercourse is painful, using a lubricant can help to make it more comfortable. When using a condom it is important that a water-based lubricant (such as KY Jelly) is used, as oil based lubricants (such as Vaseline or moisturising cream) can cause the condom to tear and break. Ensuring that the woman is as relaxed as possible, and that intercourse is initiated slowly, can also help to make things more comfortable.
If a woman experiences a deep internal or burning pain when she has sex, she should discuss this with her doctor, as it could be a sign that she has an infection or other medical problem.
Sex is not usually painful for a man (unless the penis is bent into an awkward position), so he should also check with his doctor if he experiences any pain during erection or intercourse.
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If a woman experiences problems reaching orgasm with her partner can she do anything about it?
It is not always possible to achieve orgasm through vaginal penetration alone; it often needs more direct stimulation of the clitoris, which you could request from your partner orally or manually, before, after, during or instead of intercourse. Talking to your partner and exploring what stimulates you and what doesn't should help you to achieve orgasm during sex.
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How do you French kiss?
French kissing, or making out, is kissing with open mouths and touching tongues.
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What is oral sex?
Oral sex involves giving or receiving oral stimulation (i.e. sucking or licking) to the genitalia. Fellatio (also known as a ‘blow job’ or ‘giving head’) is the term used to describe oral sex given to a man. Cunnilingus (also called ‘giving head’, ‘going down on’ or ‘eating pussy’) is the term used to describe oral sex given to a woman. Analingus (sometimes called rimming) refers to oral stimulation of someone’s anus.
If two people have oral sex with each other at the same time it is sometimes called a 69 because of the shape their bodies make.
A woman cannot get pregnant from giving oral sex to a man, even if she swallows his sperm.
AVERT.org has more about oral sex.
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Which STDs are transmitted through oral sex?
You can only become infected with or pass on an STD if you or your partner is infected with an STD in the first place. The following sexually transmitted diseases or infections can be passed on through unprotected oral sex:
* Hepatitis A, B and C
* Herpes, especially if the sores are in the infectious stage
* HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is fairly low risk in terms of transmission via oral sex
* Gonorrhea
* Syphilis
* NSU (Non-specific urethritis)
* Chlamydia
* Yeast infections such as thrush are fairly low risk in terms of transmission via oral sex
* Genital Warts
If you are concerned about becoming infected with an STD as a result of oral sex use a condom when giving oral sex on a man or a dental dam (latex square) or cut open condom when giving oral sex to a woman.
AVERT.org has more about sexually transmitted diseases.
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Is receiving oral sex with a condom safe?
As long as they are used properly i.e. they don't split or burst, condoms can be very effective in protecting against STDs when giving oral sex to a man. When giving oral sex to a woman a thin square of latex called a dental dam, or a cut-open condom can also be used to protect against possible transmission of any existing STDs. Flavoured condoms and dental dams are available to make using them more pleasant during oral sex.
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Can you pass on or become infected with STDs as a result of kissing on the mouth?
No, you cannot pass on or become infected with an STD as a result of kissing on the mouth. However, you could pass on a cold sore (herpes simplex, HSV1) to your partner through kissing.
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Do you need to use condoms during anal sex?
Yes, it is important to use condoms when having anal sex to reduce the risk of passing on or contracting an STD. If two people are considering having anal sex they should make sure they use a good quality condom and a water-based lubricant such as KY Jelly.
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If my partner is using birth control, do we still need to use a condom?
Birth control, such as the contraceptive pill, IUS, or contraceptive injection, is extremely effective at preventing unwanted pregnancies. However, these do not offer any protection from sexually transmitted diseases or infections. Using a condom in addition to a form of birth control will protect both you and your partner from passing on or becoming infected with an STD and will also provide extra protection against pregnancy.
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Is it safe to have sex when a woman is having her period?
The word sex is used to refer to a variety of sexual activities, and can mean different things to different people. When people talk about sex (sexual intercourse) they are usually referring to penetrative sex, where a man inserts his penis into the vagina or anus of a sexual partner.
However, there are many sexual activities that people enjoy doing which don't involve sexual intercourse, for example oral sex or mutual masturbation.
The act of sex is also not just physical; it can involve strong emotions and have a significant effect on people's feelings.
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How do you have sex?
Sexual intercourse between a man and a woman is quite simple. When a man's penis becomes hard, he places it inside a woman's vagina, and moves it in and out. This creates friction, which can be pleasurable for both the man and woman. After a while, this friction will usually cause the man to have an orgasm and ejaculate. It may also cause the woman to have an orgasm, although it can take a bit of experimentation and practice to get it right!
You can have sex in lots of different positions, but one of the most common and intimate ways is for the man to lie on top of the woman, so that they can kiss and cuddle while having sex.
Anal sex (also known as anal intercourse) is when a man puts his penis into the anus and rectum of another man or woman.
You can find out more about anal and vaginal sex in our how to have sex page.
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What is safer sex?
Safer sex is taking precautions to reduce the risk of acquiring a sexually transmitted disease, including HIV, during sexual activities. It is wrong to assume this only applies to young people as STDs and HIV can affect anyone at any age.
To have safer sex it is important to either use a condom or to make sure you and your partner are not infected with an STD. Alternatively, as STDs and HIV can be transmitted through sexual fluids and blood, there is the option to perform sexual acts that do not involve any contact with these. Therefore safer sex can be non-penetrative sex and just foreplay.
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Where can I get condoms from?
It will depend on which country you are in, but the best place to buy condoms is usually a chemist or supermarket. Condoms are often available from vending machines in public toilets and in some countries they are available for free or at low-cost from sexual health clinics. Condoms can also be bought from a number of suppliers on the internet.
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Where is the G-spot and what is it?
The G-spot is a controversial term as some sex researchers dispute its existence. However most believe it is an area located behind the front wall of the vagina, between the back of the pubic bone and the cervix. When stimulated, it can produce intensely pleasurable feelings for the woman, and may cause her to have an orgasm.
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Where is the clitoris and what is it?
The clitoris is a small pea-sized lump towards the top of the vaginal area above the urethra (urine hole) and the entrance to the vagina. It is very sensitive and when stimulated can lead to orgasm. You can find it on AVERT's diagram of the female sex organs.
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Does a broken hymen mean that a girl is no longer a virgin?
Many people believe that a girl is only a virgin if she still has an intact hymen. The hymen is a thin membrane of skin that partially covers the entrance to the vagina. This membrane can bleed when it is torn as a man’s penis enters the vagina.
Neither the presence of the hymen nor bleeding during intercourse can truly indicate virginity. Some girls are born without hymens, others will have hymens that stretch and don’t break during sex, and some will have torn their hymens during sport, inserting tampons or masturbation.
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How do you masturbate?
Men usually masturbate by holding the penis and moving their hand up and down rapidly until they ejaculate ("come"). Women rub their clitoris and vulva and may move one or several fingers up and down inside their vagina until they orgasm. Everybody has their own way of masturbating that feels good for them.
Other websites have more about both male and female masturbation.
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Is too much masturbation bad for you?
Masturbation is a normal and natural activity and is not bad for you unless you masturbate so much that you make your genital area sore. Masturbation does not stunt your growth, damage your health or cause you to become physically or mentally weak. If it did, the vast majority of people in the world would be very short and unhealthy!
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How often do people have sex?
Sexual appetite is entirely a matter of personal taste. Some people have sex once a day and some once a month. It probably varies for most people depending on whether they are in a relationship, how busy they are and how they feel. Most people think about sex far more often than they do it.
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Is there a way of stopping premature ejaculation?
Many men find the best way to prevent premature ejaculation is to think about something dull to regain control over their time of ejaculation. When first starting a sexual relationship, some men find that the sexual excitement causes them to ejaculate before intercourse has even begun. With time most men learn how to control this. Wearing a condom can help as it can reduce sensitivity a little. Condoms containing a mild anaesthetic in the tip are also available in some countries to help further reduce sensation and delay ejaculation.
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Does sexual intercourse hurt? Is there a need for lubrication?
Sex can sometimes be painful for a woman if she is nervous or tense. Stress and fear can mean a woman does not get sexually excited enough to produce natural lubrication, or that she involuntarily tenses her vaginal muscles, making penetration difficult. Sex can also hurt the first time a woman does it as her hymen may be torn.
If sexual intercourse is painful, using a lubricant can help to make it more comfortable. When using a condom it is important that a water-based lubricant (such as KY Jelly) is used, as oil based lubricants (such as Vaseline or moisturising cream) can cause the condom to tear and break. Ensuring that the woman is as relaxed as possible, and that intercourse is initiated slowly, can also help to make things more comfortable.
If a woman experiences a deep internal or burning pain when she has sex, she should discuss this with her doctor, as it could be a sign that she has an infection or other medical problem.
Sex is not usually painful for a man (unless the penis is bent into an awkward position), so he should also check with his doctor if he experiences any pain during erection or intercourse.
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If a woman experiences problems reaching orgasm with her partner can she do anything about it?
It is not always possible to achieve orgasm through vaginal penetration alone; it often needs more direct stimulation of the clitoris, which you could request from your partner orally or manually, before, after, during or instead of intercourse. Talking to your partner and exploring what stimulates you and what doesn't should help you to achieve orgasm during sex.
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How do you French kiss?
French kissing, or making out, is kissing with open mouths and touching tongues.
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What is oral sex?
Oral sex involves giving or receiving oral stimulation (i.e. sucking or licking) to the genitalia. Fellatio (also known as a ‘blow job’ or ‘giving head’) is the term used to describe oral sex given to a man. Cunnilingus (also called ‘giving head’, ‘going down on’ or ‘eating pussy’) is the term used to describe oral sex given to a woman. Analingus (sometimes called rimming) refers to oral stimulation of someone’s anus.
If two people have oral sex with each other at the same time it is sometimes called a 69 because of the shape their bodies make.
A woman cannot get pregnant from giving oral sex to a man, even if she swallows his sperm.
AVERT.org has more about oral sex.
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Which STDs are transmitted through oral sex?
You can only become infected with or pass on an STD if you or your partner is infected with an STD in the first place. The following sexually transmitted diseases or infections can be passed on through unprotected oral sex:
* Hepatitis A, B and C
* Herpes, especially if the sores are in the infectious stage
* HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is fairly low risk in terms of transmission via oral sex
* Gonorrhea
* Syphilis
* NSU (Non-specific urethritis)
* Chlamydia
* Yeast infections such as thrush are fairly low risk in terms of transmission via oral sex
* Genital Warts
If you are concerned about becoming infected with an STD as a result of oral sex use a condom when giving oral sex on a man or a dental dam (latex square) or cut open condom when giving oral sex to a woman.
AVERT.org has more about sexually transmitted diseases.
back to top
Is receiving oral sex with a condom safe?
As long as they are used properly i.e. they don't split or burst, condoms can be very effective in protecting against STDs when giving oral sex to a man. When giving oral sex to a woman a thin square of latex called a dental dam, or a cut-open condom can also be used to protect against possible transmission of any existing STDs. Flavoured condoms and dental dams are available to make using them more pleasant during oral sex.
back to top
Can you pass on or become infected with STDs as a result of kissing on the mouth?
No, you cannot pass on or become infected with an STD as a result of kissing on the mouth. However, you could pass on a cold sore (herpes simplex, HSV1) to your partner through kissing.
back to top
Do you need to use condoms during anal sex?
Yes, it is important to use condoms when having anal sex to reduce the risk of passing on or contracting an STD. If two people are considering having anal sex they should make sure they use a good quality condom and a water-based lubricant such as KY Jelly.
back to top
If my partner is using birth control, do we still need to use a condom?
Birth control, such as the contraceptive pill, IUS, or contraceptive injection, is extremely effective at preventing unwanted pregnancies. However, these do not offer any protection from sexually transmitted diseases or infections. Using a condom in addition to a form of birth control will protect both you and your partner from passing on or becoming infected with an STD and will also provide extra protection against pregnancy.
back to top
Is it safe to have sex when a woman is having her period?
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